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RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

Overview of Exosomes

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes

Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes

Published on: January 9, 2012

エクソソーム:複数の3'->5'-エクソリボヌクレアスを含む保存されたエウカリオットRNA処理複合体.

P Mitchell¹, E Petfalski, A Shevchenko

¹European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.

|December 9, 1997

まとめ

研究者らは,酵母エクソソームを発見し,これはRNA処理に不可欠なタンパク質複合体である. この複合体は5つの主要なタンパク質で構成され,5.8SリボソームRNAの3'端処理において重要な役割を果たします.

科学分野:

分子生物学は分子生物学である.
バイオケミストリーバイオケミストリー
遺伝学遺伝学とは

背景:

エクソソームは,真核細胞に存在するタンパク質複合体です.
RNA処理におけるその機能は,細胞機能にとって極めて重要です.

研究の目的:

酵母エクソソムのタンパク質成分を特定し,特徴づけること.
RNA処理におけるエクソソームの酵素的活動と機能的役割を調査する.

主な方法:

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (酵母菌) のタンパク質複合体の分離と識別.
バクテリアの酵素を用いたホモロジー分析.
再結合エクソソームタンパク質の酵素活性に関するインビトロ特性.
RNAの処理,特に5.8SrRNAの成熟を伴う機能検査.

主要な成果:

酵母エクソソーム複合体の識別,これは5つの重要なタンパク質で構成されています: Rrp4p, Rrp41p, Rrp42p, Rrp43p,および Rrp44p (Dis3p).
4つのエクソソームタンパク質は,バクテリアの3'->5'-エクソリボヌクレアゼとホモロジーを示しています.
再結合Rrp4p,Rrp44p,Rrp41pは,異なったエクソリボヌクレアース活性 (分配性,プロセス性,リン分解性) を表している.

さらに関連する動画

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes

Isolation and Characterization of RNA-Containing Exosomes

Published on: January 9, 2012

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

5.8S rRNA.の3'処理には,すべてのエクソソーム成分が必要である.

人間には同類の複合体が存在し,ヒトのRrp4pは酵母変異を補完する.

結論:

酵母エクソソームは,保存された真核RNA処理複合体である.
エクソソームは,リボソームRNAの成熟に重要な役割を果たします.
特定されたタンパク質成分とその活動は,真核RNAの代謝の洞察を提供します.