合理的な臨床検査について. この赤ん坊は肺炎ですか?
1Division of Community Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7225, USA. margolis@med.unc.edu
JAMA
|February 5, 1998
まとめ
臨床検査は,小児における肺炎を正確に検出することができます. 急速な呼吸の欠如は,肺炎を排除するための最良の兆候であり,呼吸困難の兆候は,その可能性を高めます.
科学分野:
- 小児科は小児科です.
- 肺病理学 肺病理学とは
- 診断の精度 診断の精度
背景:
- 低呼吸器系の急性疾患は,小児が初等医療を受けるときに頻繁に見られます.
- ウイルス性肺炎と細菌性肺炎を区別することは,適切な治療に不可欠です.
- 小児性肺炎における臨床検査結果の正確性は,徹底的な評価を必要とします.
研究 の 目的:
- 子どもの肺炎の診断における臨床検査の正確性と精度をレビューする.
- 小児性肺炎を示す主要な臨床徴候を特定する.
- プライマリケア環境における臨床発見の信頼性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 1982年から1995年の間に発表された研究の体系的レビュー.
- 含有基準には,小児性肺炎の臨床検査に関する研究が含まれていた.
- 2人の独立した観察者によるデータ抽出と品質評価.
主要な成果:
- ほとんどの観察可能な兆候 (例えば,補助的な筋肉使用,色,注意力) に対して,良い観察者合意が確認されました.
- アスクルテーションの発見 (例えば,偶然の音) については,合意が低い.
- タキプネアの欠如は,肺炎を排除するための最も強力な指標であり,呼吸作業の増加は肺炎を示唆しています.
結論:
- 臨床検査は小児肺炎の診断に価値があり,特定の徴候は他の徴候よりも信頼性が高い.
- 否定的な臨床評価 (呼吸率,アスカルテーション,呼吸作業) は,肺炎の発生の可能性を低くする.
- 小児肺炎の診断における臨床発見の統合的有用性を評価するために,さらなる研究が必要である.
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