肥料管理の環境的,農業的,経済的側面を統合する
Matson1, Naylor, Ortiz-Monasterio
1P. A. Matson and R. Naylor, Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-6055, USA. I. Ortiz-Monasterio, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, El Batan, Mexico.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 16, 1998
まとめ
メキシコの小麦システムにおける窒素肥料の最適化により,酸化窒素 (N2O) と酸化窒素 (NO) の排出量が大幅に削減されます. このアプローチは,作物の収穫量と品質を維持しながら,農家の利益を高め,環境への影響を軽減します.
科学分野:
- 農業科学 農業科学とは
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 土壌科学は,土壌科学である.
背景:
- メキシコの小麦の密集栽培は,窒素肥料に大きく依存しています.
- 現在の慣行は,窒素酸化物 (N2O) と窒素酸化物 (NO) の大量排出につながり,地域や世界の環境に影響を与えています.
- 農業システムからの窒素の損失は,重大な環境的,経済的課題をもたらします.
研究 の 目的:
- メキシコの小麦システムにおける代替的な窒素肥料化戦略を評価する.
- 改造された肥料の窒素痕量ガス (N2OとNO) の流れに対する影響を決定する.
- 小麦の収穫量,穀物品質,経済的収益性への影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- フィールド実験は,小麦の密集型システムを用いて行われました.
- 窒素肥料の割合と適用タイミングは,体系的に変化しました.
- 酸化窒素 (N2O) と酸化窒素 (NO) の流れを測定した.
- 小麦の収穫量と穀物品質のパラメータを分析した.
- 代替授精戦略の経済分析が行われました.
主要な成果:
- 作物サイクルの後期に適用される低窒素肥料の割合は,N2OとNOの排出量を効果的に削減しました.
- これらの改定された慣行は,小麦の収穫量や穀物の品質に悪影響を及ぼさなかった.
- 経済予測は,農家の税後の利益で12~17%の潜在的節約を示している.
- 肥料管理に対する知識集約的なアプローチは,実行可能であることが示されました.
結論:
- 窒素肥料のタイミングと速度を調整することで,小麦の集中生産のための持続可能な解決策を提供します.
- この戦略は,有害な微量ガス排出量を軽減し,環境に利益をもたらします.
- 農家は,最適化され,知識に基づいた肥料管理を通じて経済的利益を得ることができます.
- 窒素の投入を減らすことで,大幅なコスト削減と環境への恩恵がもたらされます.
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