非静止状態の胎児の線維芽細胞から生産されたクローン化されたトランスジェニックの小牛
J B Cibelli1, S L Stice, P J Golueke
1Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
まとめ
研究者らは,遺伝子組み換えのための効率的な家畜クローンシステムを開発した. この方法により,健康な,同一の,遺伝子組み換えの小牛が生み出され,細胞寿命が延び,牛の複雑な遺伝子工学を支援しました.
科学分野:
- 動物バイオテクノロジー 動物バイオテクノロジー
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- 効率的な牛の遺伝子改変とクローン化は,農業,バイオテクノロジー,人間医学における進歩にとって極めて重要です.
- 既存の方法は,原始培養細胞のスケーラビリティと寿命延長に制限がある可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 遺伝子組み換えと牛の大規模クローン化のための効率的なシステムを確立する.
- 核移転により,衰えに近い線維芽細胞の寿命を延ばす可能性を調査する.
主な方法:
- 遺伝子組み換え,マーカー遺伝子を持つ胎児の活性分裂フィブロブラスト.
- クローナルの細胞ラインを選択し,これらの細胞を融合させ,成熟した卵子細胞をエヌクレートします.
- 生成された胚を受精牛に移植し,子孫の健康とアイデンティティを評価する.
主要な成果:
- 28個の移植された胚から,3頭の健康で同一のトランスジェニックの小牛が成功裏に生成されました.
- 核移転は,ほぼ衰えつつある線維芽細胞の寿命を延ばし,その証拠は,派生細胞系における集団の倍増の増加であった.
- 開発されたシステムは,遺伝子組み換え牛の生産に有効性を実証しました.
結論:
- 確立されたシステムは,牛の遺伝子改変と大規模クローン化のための効率的な方法を提供します.
- 核移転は,原始培養細胞の増殖能力を拡張し,複雑な遺伝子改変を容易にすることができます.
- この技術は,家畜における農業,バイオテクノロジー,および生物医学的な応用のための大きな可能性を秘めています.
関連する概念動画
Transgenic Organisms
Overview
Reproductive Cloning
Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Cloning of Dolly the Sheep
The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual, the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter telomeres than other...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.


