なぜ,被動喫煙の健康への影響に関するレビュー記事は,異なる結論に達するのか
1Department of Public Health Biology and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
JAMA
|May 30, 1998
まとめ
著者の所属は,受動喫煙のレビューの結論に強く影響する. タバコ産業との結びつきは,二手喫煙による害がないと虚偽に主張するレビューと結びついていた.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 環境衛生 環境衛生 環境衛生
背景:
- パッシブ喫煙,または二手喫煙への曝露は,公衆衛生上の重大な懸念事項です.
- 多くのレビュー記事で,被動喫煙の健康への影響が検討されています.
- これらのレビューにおける潜在的なバイアスは,公衆の理解と政策に影響を与える可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 著者の所属関係と,被動喫煙の健康への影響に関するレビュー記事の結論の関連性を調査する.
- 記事の品質またはその他の特徴が,受動喫煙に関するレビューの結論に影響を与えるかどうかを判断する.
- 科学文献における偏った結論に寄与する要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- MEDLINE,EMBASE,シンポジウムの議事録を体系的に検索して,レビュー記事 (1980年 - 1995年) を検索する.
- 含有基準は,受動喫煙と健康への影響に関するレビューに焦点を当てた.英語のみの記事.
- 記事の品質の独立評価,著者の所属関係 (タバコ産業と関係があるか否か),訓練を受けた査定員による結論.
主要な成果:
- 106件のレビュー記事を分析した. 37%が受動喫煙は有害ではないと結論付けました.
- 害がないと結論づけられたレビューのうち,74%は,タバコ産業に所属している個人によって書かれたものです.
- ロジスティック回帰は,受動喫煙が有害ではないという結論に結びつく唯一の重要な要因として,タバコ産業の関連性を確認した (OR, 88.4; P<.001).
結論:
- 著者の関係,特にタバコ産業との関係は,被動喫煙の健康への影響に関する結論と強く相関しています.
- 業界関係者が執筆したレビューには大きなバイアスが存在し,しばしばリスクを軽視します.
- 金融的利益相反の開示は,著者にとって極めて重要であり,読者はレビューの結論を評価する際に,関係性を批判的に評価しなければならない.
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