脳内のプロラクチン放出ペプチドである
1Discovery Research Laboratories I, Pharmaceutical Discovery Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. HinumavShuji@takeda.co.jp
Nature
|June 2, 1998
まとめ
研究者らは,プロラクチン放出ペプチドという新しいペプチドホルモンを特定し,特にプロラクチン分泌を刺激しています. この発見は,下垂体ホルモン調節に関する理解のギャップを埋め,新しいGタンパク質結合受容体リガンドを特定しました.
科学分野:
- エンドクリノロジー エンドクリノロジー
- 神経内分泌学の神経内分泌学
- 分子内分泌学 分子内分泌学
背景:
- 視床下部ペプチドホルモンは,プロラクチンを除いて,前垂体機能を調節する.
- プロラクチンは哺乳類の繁殖と哺乳期において重要な役割を果たします.
- 特定のプロラクチン放出ホルモンは,その重要性にもかかわらず,難解なままです.
研究 の 目的:
- プロラクチン分泌を調節する新しいペプチドホルモンを特定するために.
- この潜在的なホルモンの作用を媒介する受容体を特徴付ける.
- pituitary 調節における新しい下垂体因子の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 孤児受容体 (hGR3) をコードする補完的なDNAの分離,ヒト垂体で特異的に発現する.
- 視床下部抽出物のスクリーニングは,hGR3.3の内生リガンドを検出する.
- ネズミの前部下垂体細胞を用いたインビトロ機能性アッセイで,プロラクチン放出活動を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 視床下部からの新しいペプチドをhGRの内生リガンドとして特定3.
- 新しく特定されたペプチドは,既知のペプチドやタンパク質との配列の類似性は全くありません.
- このペプチドは,ネズミの前部下垂体細胞における強力なプロラクチン放出因子として確認されました.
結論:
- 新型ペプチドは,プロラクチン放出ペプチドと名付けられており,プロラクチン分泌の強力な刺激剤です.
- この発見は,Gタンパク質結合受容体である孤児受容体hGR3の特定のリガンドを特定した.
- この発見は,下垂体-下垂体軸の調節,特にプロラクチン制御の理解を進める.
関連する概念動画
Regulation of Hormone Secretion
Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral stimuli,...
Humoral stimuli,...
The Pituitary Gland
The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
Hormones of the Pituitary Gland
The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
The Pineal Gland
The pineal gland, a diminutive endocrine structure named for its pinecone-shaped appearance, is situated atop the third ventricle within the diencephalon region of the forebrain. This gland, composed of secretory cells known as pinealocytes arranged in compact cords and clusters around dense particles of calcium salts, plays a pivotal role in hormonal regulation.
The primary secretion of the pineal gland is the hormone melatonin, derived from serotonin. The concentration of melatonin in the...
The primary secretion of the pineal gland is the hormone melatonin, derived from serotonin. The concentration of melatonin in the...
Regulation of Food Intake
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.


