恒久的な南極の湖氷:極地砂漠の生命のためのオアシス
J C Priscu1, C H Fritsen, E E Adams
1Department of Biological Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. 59717, USA.
まとめ
南極の湖の氷は,堆積物を含む中に複雑な微生物のコミュニティを宿している. これらの"オアシス"は,太陽熱によって維持される光合成,窒素固定,分解を支えています.
科学分野:
- * 天体生物学とエクストレモフィール研究.
- *南極のリムノロジーとクライオスフィア研究.
- * 微生物生態学と地生物学.
背景:
- * マクマルド・ドライ・バレーの南極の湖は,永久的な氷の覆いを持っています.
- *太陽放射線は氷の内部沈殿物を浸透させ,加熱する.
- *これらの堆積物は,エオリア (風に吹かれた) プロセスから派生しています.
研究 の 目的:
- * 南極の湖氷の微生物の生命の発展を調査する.
- * 微生息地としての堆積物インクルージョンの役割を理解する.
- * 微生物コンソーシアムの代謝能力を特徴付ける.
主な方法:
- *南極の湖から採取した氷のサンプルを分析した.
- *インクルージョンの堆積物学および化学分析.
- * 微生物コミュニティのプロファイリングと in situ 活動測定 (光合成,窒素固定,分解).
主要な成果:
- *太陽熱による堆積物による湖の氷の内部に液体の水のインクルージョンが形成される.
- * 堆積物粒子は,栄養素が豊富なマイクロゾーンを作り出します.
- * 複雑な微生物のコンソーシアムが形成され,光合成,窒素固定,分解を行う.
- *コンソーシアムは,周囲の氷の環境を積極的に修正し",微生物のオアシス"を作り出しています.
結論:
- *南極の湖の氷は,複雑な微生物の生態系を維持することができます.
- * 堆積物インクルージョンは,極端に寒い環境での生活を容易にする重要な微生息地です.
- *これらの発見は,凍った地球外環境における生命の可能性を理解するための意味を持つ.
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