合理的な臨床検査について. この患者さんは心筋梗塞ですか?
A A Panju1, B R Hemmelgarn, G H Guyatt
1Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. panjuaa@fhs.csu.mcmaster.ca
JAMA
|October 24, 1998
まとめ
心筋梗塞 (MI) の診断は,集中した患者の病歴,身体検査,心電図に基づいています. STセグメントの上昇のような重要な指標は,MIの確率を高め,通常のECGとポジショナルの痛みはそれを減少させます.
科学分野:
- 心臓病学 心臓病学
- 緊急医療 緊急医療
- 診断用イメージング
背景:
- 急性胸痛は,心筋梗塞 (MI) を他の原因から区別する必要があります.
- 血栓溶解,血管新生手術,冠動脈病棟入院に関する臨床的決定は,心筋梗塞の疑いによる.
- 電気心臓図 (ECG) の変化が,心筋梗塞の疑いに対する治療決定を導く.
研究 の 目的:
- 心筋梗塞の診断に役立つ重要な臨床およびECGの発見を特定する.
- 急性胸痛患者の特定の歴史および身体検査要素の診断的有用性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 急性胸痛を呈する患者の臨床歴,身体検査の結果,および心電図の結果のレビュー.
- 様々な臨床的特徴の確率比 (LRs) を分析し,MIとの関連を決定する.
- 臨床データと心電図データを統合したコンピュータによるアルゴリズムの潜在的役割の探求.
主要な成果:
- 新しいSTセグメントの上昇 (LR 5.7-53.9) と新しいQ波 (LR 5.3-24.8) は,MIの強力な指標です.
- 双方の腕の放射線 (LR 7.1),第三の心臓音 (LR 3.2),低血圧 (LR 3.1) のような特定の症状は,MIの確率を高めます.
- MIの確率を低下させる特徴には,正常な心電図 (LR 0.1-0.3),多発性痛 (LR 0.2),再現性痛 (LR 0.2-0.4),鋭い痛 (LR 0.3),位置性痛 (LR 0.3) が含まれる.
結論:
- 集中した anamnesis,身体検査,およびEKGは,急性胸痛におけるMIの診断に不可欠です.
- 特定の臨床的特徴とEKGの発見は,MIの確率を大幅に変化させます.
- 臨床データと心電図データを組み込んだコンピュータアルゴリズムは,心筋梗塞のリスクの階層化を高める可能性があります.
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