ヒストンでない染色体フォスフォプロテインによるヒストン遺伝子転写の活性化

J A Thompson, J L Stein, L J Kleinsmith

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 22, 1976

まとめ

特定のタンパク質分子は,HeLa S3細胞のヒストン遺伝子転写を活性化します. これは,これらの遺伝子が通常不活性である細胞サイクル段階でも,in vitroで発生します.

科学分野:

分子生物学は分子生物学である.
細胞生物学細胞生物学
バイオケミストリーバイオケミストリー

背景:

ヒストンはDNAの包装に不可欠なタンパク質です.
ヒストン遺伝子の発現は,細胞サイクル中に厳格に規制されています.
ヒストンの遺伝子転写の調節を理解することは,細胞生物学にとって不可欠です.

研究の目的:

ヒストンメッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) の合成を制御する要因を調査する.
特定の細胞サイクル段階でヒストン遺伝子を活性化させるのに関与する規制要素を特定する.

主な方法:

RNAトランスクリプトのハイブリッド化分析.
HeLa S3細胞クロマチンを利用しています.
インビトロ転写アッセイ.

主要な成果:

染色体フォスフォプロテイン分子が特定されました.
この分子はヒストンのmRNA転写を活性化する能力を示した.
アクティベーションは,通常静かな細胞サイクル段階からのクロマチンを用いてインビトロで観察されました.

結論:

特定の染色体フォスフォプロテイン分子はヒストン遺伝子転写の活性化に役割を果たします.
この調節メカニズムは,ヒストン遺伝子の正常な細胞サイクル静止を覆すことができます.
このフォスフォタンパク質に関するさらなる研究は,遺伝子調節に関する新しい洞察を明らかにする可能性があります.

さらに関連する動画

10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

07:20

Unveiling Histone Proteoforms using 2D-TAU Gel Electrophoresis

Published on: October 18, 2024

関連する概念動画

02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...

03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...