7ヶ月の乳児によるルール学習
G F Marcus1, S Vijayan, S Bandi Rao
1Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA. gary.marcus@nyu.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 5, 1999
まとめ
7ヶ月の赤ちゃんは,単なるパターンではなく,抽象的なルールを学ぶことができます. この研究は,幼児が新しい文構造を好むことを示しており,言語習得における初期の代数法則抽出を示唆しています.
科学分野:
- コグニティブ・サイエンス コグニティブ・サイエンス
- 発達心理学の心理学について
- 言語学 言語学とは
背景:
- 言語習得には,基礎となる文法構造を特定することが含まれます.
- 幼児が複雑な言語パターンを識別する能力は,重要な研究分野である.
研究 の 目的:
- 7ヶ月の幼児が言語の入力から抽象的な代数法則を抽出できるかどうかを調査する.
- 幼児がこれらのルールを新しい文構造に一般化できるかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 幼児は,文法的な構造が異なる人工言語に曝された.
- 幼児の注意を,馴染みのある文構造と馴染みのない文構造に測定するために,好ましい見た目のパラダイムが使用されました.
- 実験設計では,数値や移行確率分析などのより単純な学習メカニズムは除外されました.
主要な成果:
- 幼児は,慣れていない文法構造の文に対して,より長い注意力を示しました.
- この好みは,単純な統計学的な学習や数値を超えた差別を示しています.
- 結果は,幼児の抽象的なルール表現能力を示唆しています.
結論:
- 7ヶ月の幼児は,抽象的な代数法則を表現し,抽出し,一般化する能力を有しています.
- この発見は,早期言語習得の単純なモデルに挑戦しています.
- 幼児の言語学習の基礎となる洗練された認知メカニズムという概念を支持する.
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