関連する実験動画
Updated: Aug 1, 2026
08:38
Transretinal ERG Recordings from Mouse Retina: Rod and Cone Photoresponses
Published on: March 14, 2012
カイナート受容体は,哺乳類の網膜におけるコーンと"オフ"双極性細胞の間のシナプス伝送を媒介する
1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, 77030, USA. sdevries@eye.med.uth.tmc.edu
Nature
|January 29, 1999
まとめ
円型光受容体は,カイナート受容体を用いて,視覚信号を双極性障害細胞に伝達する. 受信器の無感化は,信号の飽和を防止し,光のレベルを超えて正確な視力を可能にします.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- ビジョン ビジョン 科学 科学
- フォトトランスデュークション.
背景:
- 網膜の光受容体は,グルタミン酸経由で視覚情報を伝達する.
- オフバイポラー細胞は,イオノトロプ的グルタミン酸受容体を利用する.
- オフバイポラー細胞の信号伝送を最適化するメカニズムは不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- コーンオフ双極性細胞伝播を媒介するグルタミン酸受容体を調査する.
- これらの受容体が,小規模な信号伝送にどのように最適化されているかを決定します.
主な方法:
- 網膜のスライスでコーンとオフバイポラー細胞からの電気生理学的記録.
- シナプス電流と受容体運動学の分析.
主要な成果:
- コーンオフ双極性細胞伝播は,カイナート好みのグルタミン酸受容体によって媒介されます.
- 暗闇に適応したは,ポストシナプスカイナート受容体を無感化し,電流を減少させます.
- 遅い受容体感受性の回復は,光反応中の飽和を防ぐ.
結論:
- 双極性障害以外の細胞におけるカイナート受容体の無感化により,信号伝達が最適化されます.
- このメカニズムは,双極性細胞がコンのダイナミックレンジで動作することを可能にします.
- 異なる照明条件下でも正確な視覚処理を保証します.
関連する概念動画
01:32The Retina
The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
01:24Vision
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
01:11Channel Rhodopsins
Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
01:21G-Protein Gated Ion Channels
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision. The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory organs,...
Sensory organs,...
01:20Anatomy of the Eyeball
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
01:22Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...