貧しい国における必須医薬品へのアクセス:負け戦?
B Pécoul1, P Chirac, P Trouiller
1Fondation Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France. office@paris.msf.org
JAMA
|February 3, 1999
まとめ
開発途上国における必須医薬品へのアクセスは,質の低い医薬品,高額な費用,停滞した研究によって厳しく制限されています. これらの問題への対処は,世界的な健康平等と効果的な病気治療のために不可欠です.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- 医薬品政策について
- 薬用化学 薬用化学について
背景:
- 低所得国では,重篤な疾患の治療には,効果的な薬物治療が利用できないか,費用がかからないことが多い.
- アフリカのトライパノソミアシスや結核などの発展途上国に不釣り合いな影響を与える疾患は,適切な治療法がない.
- 忘れられた熱帯病に関する研究開発は著しく減少しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 開発途上国における流行病に対する質の高い医薬品へのアクセスにおける多面的な課題を検証する.
- 医薬品の品質,利用可能性,コスト,および規制の枠組みが治療へのアクセスに与える影響を分析する.
- 医薬品の利用可能性に関する国際貿易協定の影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- 医薬品の品質,市場動態,研究開発の動向に関する既存のデータの文献レビューと分析.
- 開発途上国における特定の病気に関するケーススタディの検討.
- グローバル製薬市場の構造と規制の影響の評価.
主要な成果:
- 標準以下の偽造医薬品の普及は,患者の安全と治療の有効性にとって重大な脅威となっています.
- 必須医薬品の入手は,不規則な生産,高価格,市場からの撤退によって妨げられています.
- 現在の製薬市場と規制システムは,見捨てられた疾患に対する医薬品のアクセスとイノベーションに障壁を作り出しています.
結論:
- 医薬品の品質管理を改善し,必須医薬品の利用可能性を高め,発展途上国に影響を与える病気に対する研究開発を活性化することが緊急に必要です.
- 薬物利用を最適化し,イノベーションを推進するために,フィールドベースの研究が必要である.
- 国際貿易政策は,重要な古い薬や新しい薬へのアクセスを妨げないようにするために,慎重に検討する必要があります.
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