極地平流圏の雲粒子の化学分析

Schreiner¹, Voigt, Kohlmann

¹Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik, Division of Atmospheric Physics, Post Office Box 103 980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. Danish Meteorological Institute, Division of Middle Atmosphere Research, Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 12, 1999

まとめ

北極の極地層の平流層雲の測定は,高いH2O/HNO3比が低い温度で,固体水素ではなく三元溶液粒子を示唆することを明らかにしています.

科学分野:

大気化学大気化学
ストラトスフィアの科学
極地気象学極地気象学

背景:

極地平流層雲 (PSC) は平流層のオゾン層の減少に重要な役割を果たしています.
PSCの組成を理解することは,大気化学モデルにとって不可欠です.
以前の研究で,様々なPSC粒子タイプの可能性が示されました.

研究の目的:

北極の冬の間,極地平流層雲の組成を調べるために.
粒子の性質と大気条件を相関させるため.
PSC内の粒子の相と組成を決定する.

主な方法:

粒子分析システムとバックスキャッター探査機を装備した風船で運ばれるゴンドラは,スウェーデンのキルナから打ち上げられました.
PSC層内で,粒子逆分散,水,窒素酸,圧力,および温度を in-situ で測定した.
分析は,特定の温度範囲でのH2O/HNO3のモール比に重点を置いた.

主要な成果:

高いバックスキャッターの比率と強化された粒子の水と窒素酸の信号の間に強い相関が観察されました.
データの周期的な構造は,大気中の波の存在を示唆した.
H2O/HNO3のモラ比は,189年から192年の間に一貫して10を超えました.

結論:

高いH2O/HNO3モラ比は,三重溶液粒子 (H2O,HNO3,H2SO4) の存在を示しています.
これらの発見は,固体水素が測定条件下で支配的な粒子タイプではなかったことを示唆しています.
この研究は,北極圏の平流圏におけるPSCを制御する微物理学的プロセスに関する洞察を提供します.

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