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相关概念视频

Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Muscle Contraction01:15

Muscle Contraction

Communication01:03

Communication

Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
Muscle Contraction01:10

Muscle Contraction

In skeletal muscles, acetylcholine is released by nerve terminals at the motor endplate—the point of synaptic communication between motor neurons and muscle fibers. The binding of acetylcholine to its receptors on the sarcolemma allows entry of sodium ions into the cell and triggers an action potential in the muscle cell. Thus, electrical signals from the brain are transmitted to the muscle. Subsequently, the enzyme acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine to prevent excessive muscle...
Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Assaying the Ability of Diffusible Signaling Molecules to Reorient Embryonic Spinal Commissural Axons
09:28

Assaying the Ability of Diffusible Signaling Molecules to Reorient Embryonic Spinal Commissural Axons

Published on: March 8, 2010

脊椎动物刺信号通过诱导刺结合蛋白调节.

P T Chuang1, A P McMahon

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Biolabs, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Nature
|March 2, 1999
PubMed
概括

科学家们发现了刺相互作用蛋白 (Hip),这是一种结合刺蛋白的新型成分. 部负面调节的信号通路,作为一个反循环调节发育信号.

科学领域:

  • 发展生物学 发展生物学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.

背景情况:

  • 刺信号通路对于胚胎组织发育至关重要.
  • 刺蛋白与Patched (Ptc) 的结合启动了信号传输.
  • 了解路径调节是发展过程的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 为了识别脊椎动物刺信号通路的新组件.
  • 为了描述一个新发现的蛋白质的功能和相互作用,Hip.
  • 阐明对"刺"信号的监管机制.

主要方法:

  • 蛋白质结合测试以评估Hip与 Hedgehog蛋白质的相互作用.
  • 野生类型和突变生物体的基因表达分析.
  • 在特定组织 (如软骨) 中进行过度表达的研究,以观察表型效应.

主要成果:

  • 鉴定了Hip (刺相互作用蛋白),一种膜糖蛋白,结合了所有哺乳动物刺蛋白.
  • 部表达是由子信号调节的,这表明它是一个转录的目标.
  • 部在软骨中的过度表达会导致骨缺陷,模仿印度刺 (Ihh) 功能丧失.

更多相关视频

Membrane Potentials, Synaptic Responses, Neuronal Circuitry, Neuromodulation and Muscle Histology Using the Crayfish: Student Laboratory Exercises
16:16

Membrane Potentials, Synaptic Responses, Neuronal Circuitry, Neuromodulation and Muscle Histology Using the Crayfish: Student Laboratory Exercises

Published on: January 18, 2011

An Invasive Method for the Activation of the Mouse Dentate Gyrus by High-frequency Stimulation
12:26

An Invasive Method for the Activation of the Mouse Dentate Gyrus by High-frequency Stimulation

Published on: June 2, 2018

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Assaying the Ability of Diffusible Signaling Molecules to Reorient Embryonic Spinal Commissural Axons
09:28

Assaying the Ability of Diffusible Signaling Molecules to Reorient Embryonic Spinal Commissural Axons

Published on: March 8, 2010

Membrane Potentials, Synaptic Responses, Neuronal Circuitry, Neuromodulation and Muscle Histology Using the Crayfish: Student Laboratory Exercises
16:16

Membrane Potentials, Synaptic Responses, Neuronal Circuitry, Neuromodulation and Muscle Histology Using the Crayfish: Student Laboratory Exercises

Published on: January 18, 2011

An Invasive Method for the Activation of the Mouse Dentate Gyrus by High-frequency Stimulation
12:26

An Invasive Method for the Activation of the Mouse Dentate Gyrus by High-frequency Stimulation

Published on: June 2, 2018

结论:

  • 部通过结合蛋白质来作为子信号的负调节者.
  • 部建立了一个负反循环,调节对鼠信号的响应.
  • 这一发现为复杂的胚胎发育调节提供了新的见解.