相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 25, 2026

05:02
Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain
Published on: October 2, 2018
在大学生中患脑膜炎球菌感染的风险
L H Harrison1, D M Dwyer, C T Maples
1Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. lharriso@edc.gsph.pitt.edu
JAMA
|June 1, 1999
概括
与普通人群相比,大学生患脑膜炎球菌感染的发病率相似. 然而,校园居民面临的侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病的风险更高.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 在大学校园内不断增加的脑膜炎球菌疫情,需要对学生中疾病发病率进行研究.
- 之前的研究没有记录大学生的侵入性脑膜炎球菌感染率,也没有将其与年龄相匹配的普通人群进行比较.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较马里兰州大学生与同龄人群中侵袭性脑膜炎球菌感染的发病率.
- 在大学生群体中识别侵入性脑膜炎球菌感染的风险因素.
主要方法:
- 追溯队列研究的设计.
- 利用了马里兰州居民在1992年至1997年期间被诊断患有脑膜炎球菌感染的全州监测数据.
- 分析了大学生与普通人口之间侵入性脑膜炎球菌感染的发病率.
主要成果:
- 在四年制大学的学生中,侵袭性脑膜炎球菌感染的平均年发病率为每10万名1.74人,而在一般人群中为每10万名1.44人 (P=.60).
- 在校园内居住的学生在4年制机构显示显著更高的发病率 (3.24每10万) 比校外居民 (0.96每10万;RR,3.4;P=.05).
- 在受感染的学生中,86%患有由目前脑膜炎球菌疫苗所覆盖的血清组引起的感染.
结论:
- 侵入性脑膜炎球菌感染的发病率在大学生和相似年龄的普通人口之间是可比的.
- 与校外同学相比,生活在校园内的大学生面临着明显增加的侵入性脑膜炎球菌感染的风险.
- 调查结果强调了针对校园学生群体的有针对性的预防策略的重要性.
相关概念视频
Bacterial Meningitis
Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Viral Meningitis
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Cryptococcal Meningitis
Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction
Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology
Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction
A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...

