克西洛格卢干可西尔转移酶是一种酶,参与植物细胞壁生物合成
R M Perrin1, A E DeRocher, M Bar-Peled
1Michigan State University-Department of Energy (MSU-DOE) Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
概括
研究人员在植物细胞壁中发现了一种关键酶. 这种fucosyltransferase (FTase) 将必需的糖添加到西糖 (XG) 中,影响植物的发育和防御.
科学领域:
- 植物生物学 植物生物学
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 植物细胞壁对于植物的结构,生长和防御至关重要.
- 糖 (XG) 是双细胞壁的主要结构成分,其特征是末端的糖残留物.
- 核糖转移酶 (FTase) 酶负责添加这一关键的核糖残留物.
研究的目的:
- 识别和描述在植物中负责修饰黄糖素 (XG) 的特定基转移酶 (FTase).
- 克隆来自Arabidopsis的编码已识别的FTase的基因.
主要方法:
- 从豆尾虫中净化一个60千多达尔顿的FTase.
- 纯化豆FTase的酸序列.
- 克隆同类的阿拉比多普西斯FT1基因.
- 针对重组阿拉比多普西斯FTase的抗体生成.
- 使用溶解的阿拉比多普西斯膜蛋白和表达AtFT1.1的COS细胞进行酶活性测定.
主要成果:
- 一个60千多达尔的FTase从豆表皮细胞中净化.
- 序列数据使得同类的阿拉比多普西斯基因AtFT1.1的克隆成为可能.
- 抗体证实AtFT1编码了一个修改XG的FTase.
- 哺乳动物细胞中AtFT1的表达赋予了XG FTase活性.
结论:
- 在AtFT1基因编码一个功能性的西洛格卢坎fucosyltransferase (XG FTase).
- 这种酶在植物细胞壁生物合成中起着至关重要的作用.
- 了解XG FTase的功能,可以了解植物的发育和抗病机制.
相关概念视频
Enzymes
Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts
Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
The Calvin Benson Cycle
Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
Lysosomes
Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition
Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of disassembly and...
Cell Adhesion in Plants
Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose, and...
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose, and...


