猫对产生空间幻觉的声音的听觉皮层反应
L Xu1, S Furukawa, J C Middlebrooks
1Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0506, USA.
Nature
|June 29, 1999
概括
听觉错觉发生在声音被过时,揭示了听觉系统如何使用光谱线索来定位声音. 猫的神经元发射模式准确地预测了这些错位,表明与人类共享的机制.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 听觉感知是一种听觉感知.
- 精神声学是一种精神声学.
背景情况:
- 精确的声音源定位依赖于广泛和平坦的声音谱.
- 带有光谱宽度减少的过声音可以诱导显著的听觉空间幻觉,特别是在垂直和前后维度.
- 这些错觉凸显了听觉系统对特定光谱特征的依赖,以获得定位线索.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究猫的听觉皮层中神经元发射模式如何代表带有光谱变化的声音的声音源位置.
- 为了确定观察到的神经元错位是否与人类感知错觉一致.
- 测试光谱处理的计算模型,用于预测神经元和人类本地化判断.
主要方法:
- 在猫的听觉皮层记录神经元活动,同时呈现光谱过的声音.
- 分析神经元在响应不同频谱宽度的声音时的时间发射模式.
- 将神经元信号预测与人类行为本地化数据进行比较.
- 利用光谱处理的定量模型来预测本地化结果.
主要成果:
- 猫的听觉皮层中的神经元发射模式系统地错位了光谱过的声音.
- 神经元错位的程度与对声音施加的光谱过相关.
- 一个计算模型准确地预测了神经元错位和人类对声音位置的感知判断.
- 该模型的成功表明,物种之间共享了潜在的光谱处理机制.
结论:
- 听觉皮层利用特定的光谱处理机制来定位声音.
- 对光谱变化的声音的神经反应可以预测猫和人类的感知错位错觉.
- 这些发现表明,猫和人类之间对听觉空间感知有保存的神经机制.
相关概念视频
01:31Hearing
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
01:22Hair Cells
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
01:13The Cochlea
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
01:01Perception of Sound Waves
The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...
01:06Echo
The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
01:17Auditory Perception
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...