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相关概念视频

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

过早和低出生体重婴儿的免疫水平以及延迟最新免疫状态的风险因素. 疾病控制和预防中心 疫苗安全 Datalink 集团

R L Davis1, D Rubanowice, H R Shinefield

  • 1Immunization Studies Program, Center for Health Studies, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Seattle, Wash, USA. rdavis@u.washington.edu

JAMA
|August 18, 1999
PubMed
概括

过早出生婴儿的疫苗接种率几乎与一般人口相当. 然而,出生时体重非常低的婴儿的免疫覆盖率略低,这表明需要改进疫苗接种策略.

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Mapping Infant Immunity with Minimal Input: Integrative Single-Cell and Multiomic Profiling

Published on: April 3, 2026

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
08:46

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

Published on: August 12, 2020

Mapping Infant Immunity with Minimal Input: Integrative Single-Cell and Multiomic Profiling
10:29

Mapping Infant Immunity with Minimal Input: Integrative Single-Cell and Multiomic Profiling

Published on: April 3, 2026

科学领域:

  • 儿科 儿科 儿科
  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 公共卫生 公共卫生

背景情况:

  • 在美国,医疗保健专业人员对早产和低出生体重婴儿的免疫计划的遵守是不一致的.
  • 对于当前针对这些高风险婴儿的免疫工作的有效性,人们的了解有限.

研究的目的:

  • 分析目前对早产和低出生体重婴儿的免疫实践.
  • 在这个人群中确定与低于最佳免疫状态相关的风险因素.
  • 用大规模,基于人口的数据进行全面分析.

主要方法:

  • 从1991年3月到1997年3月的免疫数据的雇员队列和病例控制分析.
  • 包括疫苗安全数据链接项目中的三家大型健康维护组织 (HMO) 的数据.
  • 根据早产和出生体重类别分析免疫状态,包括出生体重非常低 (<1500 g) 和出生体重低 (1500-2500 g) 的婴儿.

主要成果:

  • 在所有测量年龄段,出生时体重小于1500克的婴儿与其他群体相比,始终表现出较低的最新免疫水平.
  • 到24个月,78%-86%的出生体重非常低的婴儿是最新的,明显低于较重的婴儿 (84%-89%).
  • 定期的健康儿童预防护理访问与最新的免疫状态有很强的相关性,而肺部疾病没有.

结论:

  • 过早出生婴儿的疫苗接种率接近一般人口的疫苗接种率.
  • 对于出生时体重非常低的婴儿的疫苗接种水平略有落后,突出了针对性干预的领域.
  • 确保一致的预防护理对于改善脆弱婴儿群体的免疫率至关重要.