通过长期的耳电刺激,在与生俱来的聋猫中招募听觉皮层
1Physiologisches Institut III, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt/M, Germany. klinke@em.uni-frankfurt.de
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 11, 1999
概括
接收耳植入物的先天性聋猫显示了听力皮层活动的改善. 聋猫的这种听觉体验导致了类似于听觉动物的大脑活动模式.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 听觉神经科学 听觉神经科学
- 神经可塑性 神经可塑性
背景情况:
- 猫的先天性聋是科尔蒂器官退化的结果,剥夺了中央听觉系统的声音输入.
- 尽管失去了科尔蒂器官,但主要的听觉神经元仍然是可行的,并且可以通过电刺激来激活.
研究的目的:
- 通过内耳植入物对先天性聋猫的中央听觉系统的长期听觉刺激的影响.
- 确定听觉体验是否可以诱导聋动物听觉皮层中的神经可塑性变化.
主要方法:
- 生产时耳聋的小猫被安装了耳内植入物和声音处理器,以提供听觉输入.
- 植入的小猫被训练,在长时间内对听觉刺激 (音调) 作出反应.
- 测量皮质活动,并将受刺激的聋猫和未受刺激的聋猫进行比较.
主要成果:
- 通过植入物接触到声音的猫体现出显著更高幅度的皮质场潜力.
- 听觉刺激导致皮质激活区域的扩大和长延迟反应的发展,表明皮质内处理.
- 刺激猫的听觉皮层中的突触疗效增加,类似于听觉动物中观察到的模式.
结论:
- 听觉体验,即使是通过技术干预在生命后期开始的,也可以促进先天性聋猫的中央听觉系统的显著神经可塑性.
- 大脑的听觉通路可以根据电刺激和有意义的听觉输入对功能处理能力进行重组和发展.
- 这些发现表明,在具有先天性听力损失的个体中,恢复听觉功能和处理的潜在治疗途径.
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