长期增强 - - 一个十年的进步?
1Nancy Friend Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA. malenka@stanford.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 18, 1999
概括
长期增强 (LTP) 增强海马中的突触强度,这是学习和记忆的关键过程. 本综述阐明了它的分子机制,并为这些持久的突触变化提供了一个统一的模型.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 海马体的长期增强 (LTP) 是研究突触可塑性的主要模型.
- 突触可塑性对于学习和记忆形成至关重要.
- 以前关于LTP机制的数据似乎是矛盾的.
研究的目的:
- 审查目前对LTP背后的分子机制的理解.
- 为LTP数据提供一个统一的模型.
- 阐明涉及学习和记忆的突触变化.
主要方法:
- 关于LTP的实验数据的文献综述.
- 分析涉及突触强化中的分子通路.
- 开发一个理论模型,整合不同的发现.
主要成果:
- 详细解释LTP中的分子参与者.
- 介绍一个连贯的模型,解释LTP诱导和维护.
- 解决先前相互矛盾的实验观测.
结论:
- LTP涉及复杂的分子级联,导致持续的突触强化.
- 拟议的模型成功地整合了对LTP的各种实验发现.
- 了解LTP分子机制,可以了解学习和记忆过程.
相关概念视频
01:35Long-term Potentiation
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
01:05Long-term Depression
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
01:14Action Potential
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
01:25Long-term Potentiation
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
01:03Long-term Depression
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
01:28Integration of Synaptic Events
Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...