新出现的海洋疾病 - - 气候联系和人为因素
C D Harvell1, K Kim, J M Burkholder
1Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 25, 1999
概括
海洋疾病爆发的频率和严重性正在增加,影响着珊瑚和海洋哺乳动物等重要的海洋生态系统. 气候变化和人类活动正在加速病原体的传播,导致新的流行病.
科学领域:
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 病理学 病理学 病理学
背景情况:
- 最近海洋中的大量死亡与影响主要种类的疾病爆发有关.
- 在受到监测的群体 (如珊瑚和海洋哺乳动物) 中报告流行病频率和新型疾病的增加.
- 全球严重的珊瑚漂白事件与高的厄尔尼诺温度相关.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查海洋疾病爆发的发生率上升.
- 探索气候变化,宿主易感性和疾病出现之间的联系.
- 了解物种运输在病原体与宿主相互作用中的作用.
主要方法:
- 对海洋生物的最新流行病学数据的审查.
- 分析气候数据,特别是厄尔尼诺现象和海面温度.
- 检查受宿主转移和物种运输影响的病原体传播动态.
主要成果:
- 在海洋生态系统中,越来越多地报告疾病爆发和新疾病.
- 气候介导的生理压力,例如高温,会损害宿主抵抗力.
- 新的疾病往往来自现有的病原体,通过宿主或范围的转移.
- 由气候和人类活动推动的物种加速的全球运输促进了病原体的传播.
结论:
- 越来越多的海洋疾病爆发对海洋生物多样性构成重大威胁.
- 气候变化和人类活动是导致疾病出现和传播的关键驱动因素.
- 跨学科的方法对于管理和缓解海洋流行病至关重要.
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