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相关概念视频

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...
Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers
06:59

Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers

Published on: August 20, 2014

一种缺乏cytidine的 ribozyme,是一种缺乏cytidine的 ribozyme.

J Rogers1, G F Joyce

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.

Nature
|December 2, 1999
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

生活生活生活生活生活生活生活生活

关键词:
美国宇航局的学科是外生态学.非NASA中心的中心.

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RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes
09:19

RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes

Published on: July 22, 2014

DNAzyme-dependent Analysis of rRNA 2’-O-Methylation
09:12

DNAzyme-dependent Analysis of rRNA 2’-O-Methylation

Published on: September 16, 2019

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers
06:59

Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers

Published on: August 20, 2014

RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes
09:19

RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes

Published on: July 22, 2014

DNAzyme-dependent Analysis of rRNA 2’-O-Methylation
09:12

DNAzyme-dependent Analysis of rRNA 2’-O-Methylation

Published on: September 16, 2019

科学领域:

  • 生命起源研究研究生命的起源.
  • 生物化学 生物化学
  • 分子进化是分子进化的过程.

背景情况:

  • RNA世界假说表明RNA先于DNA和蛋白质.
  • 一个关键的挑战是与蛋白质 (20氨基酸) 相比,RNA的化学多样性有限 (四个子单元).
  • 尽管如此,RNA表现出不同的催化功能.

研究的目的:

  • 调查RNA中减少的化学多样性是否会影响催化效率.
  • 为了探索显著的催化活性所需的RNA子单元的最小数量.

主要方法:

  • 实验室进化被用来选择功能性核糖酶.
  • 起始材料含有所有四种核化的比例相等.
  • 选择旨在识别缺少特定核酸的RNA结合酶 рибо酶.

主要成果:

  • 一种缺乏cytidine的RNA连接酶 ribozyme已经成功进化.
  • 这种 ribozyme 折叠成一个稳定的,定义的结构.
  • 进化后的 ribozyme 的催化速率大约是未催化反应的 10^5 倍.

结论:

  • 即使使用了三个核酸子单元的减少组,也可以实现显著的催化速率增加.
  • 这一发现支持了具有有限化学多样性的RNA世界场景的可行性.
  • 这项研究证明了体外进化在产生新型催化分子方面的力量.