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丹麦的精神疾病和自杀的危险因素
P B Mortensen1, E Agerbo, T Erikson
1Department of Psychiatric Demography, Institute of Basic Psychiatric Research, Psychiatric Hospital in Aarhus, University Hospital in Aarhus, Denmark. pbm@psykiatri.aaa.dk
Lancet (London, England)
|January 1, 2000
概括
需要住院治疗的精神疾病是最强烈的自杀风险因素. 针对这些患者的有针对性的预防和改善的一般心理健康护理可以降低自杀率.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 自杀是一个重要的公共卫生问题,具有多种已识别的风险因素.
- 之前的研究已经探索了社会经济因素和精神疾病史作为自杀的预测因素.
- 了解相对和人口可归因的风险对于有效的预防策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估自杀的相对和人口可归因风险.
- 调查社会经济因素与先前住院精神疾病与自杀风险之间的关联.
- 为制定有针对性的自杀预防策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 使用丹麦注册数据进行了基于人口的嵌套病例控制研究.
- 分析了1980-1994年丹麦人口 (年龄为16-78岁) 的5%随机样本.
- 条件后勤回归被用于统计分析.
主要成果:
- 需要住院的精神疾病是自杀的最强有力的预测因素,在住院期间和出院后的一年内风险显著增加.
- 失业和单身等社会经济因素与自杀风险增加有关,但经过对精神疾病史进行调整后,它们的影响减少了.
- 精神疾病 (44.6%) 的风险最高,其次是单身 (10.3%) 和失业 (3.0%).
结论:
- 自杀预防工作应优先考虑因精神疾病入院的个人.
- 在一般人群中提高心理障碍的检测和治疗是减少自杀的关键策略.
- 社会经济风险因素对自杀的影响可能被高估,如果没有根据潜在的心理健康状况进行调整.
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