关于蝙蝠回声定位和飞行起源的分子证据
E C Teeling1, M Scally, D J Kao
1Queen's University of Belfast, Biology and Biochemistry, UK.
Nature
|January 26, 2000
概括
遗传学分析显示,回声定位可能在蝙蝠中独立演变,或在兆蝙蝠中消失. 这项研究重新定义了蝙蝠的进化关系,并挑战了以前关于回声定位发展的假设.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 哺乳动物遗传学 哺乳动物遗传学
- 生物声学是一种生物声学.
背景情况:
- 蝙蝠 (Chiroptera类) 是独特的哺乳动物,具有动力飞行和回声定位.
- 传统上分为Microchiroptera和Megachiroptera,它们的单性被分子数据质疑.
- 之前的研究假定这些子序是单系的,这影响了我们对回声定位进化的理解.
研究的目的:
- 用分子数据调查蝙蝠内部的遗传关系.
- 为了测试Microchiroptera和Megachiroptera分类的单动物.
- 了解回声定位的进化起源及其与飞行的关系.
主要方法:
- 通过使用四个核基因和三个线粒体基因的DNA序列数据进行了基因基因分析.
- 分析了总共8,230个基对来重建进化关系.
- 与其他哺乳动物,包括飞 (甲状腺类) 的蝙蝠基因组进行比较.
主要成果:
- 该研究表明,某些微型蝙蝠家族 (超级家族Rhinolophoidea) 与大蝙蝠比其他微型蝙蝠更密切相关.
- 这一发现表明,回声定位可能在rhinolophoids和其他微蝙蝠中独立进化,或者在megabat中丢失.
- 这些数据驳斥了飞作为蝙蝠的姊妹群体的假设,确定了共同的特征作为融合进化.
结论:
- 蝙蝠亚序单基并未得到分子数据的支持,因此需要对类动物的进化历史进行修订.
- 回声定位的演变是复杂的,具有独立起源或二次损失的可能性.
- 融合进化解释了蝙蝠和飞之间的相似性,而不是共同的祖先.
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