一个单光子探测器在远红外范围.
1Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, Japan. csusumu@ASone.c.u.-tokyo.ac.jp
Nature
|February 10, 2000
概括
研究人员开发了一种新的单电子晶体管,能够检测单个远红外光子. 这一突破提供了前所未有的灵敏度,在这个关键的光谱区域推进了光谱学研究.
科学领域:
- 频谱学是一种光谱学.
- 量子电子学 量子电子学
- 光子学 是一个光子学.
背景情况:
- 远红外 (FIR) 光谱区域 (10微米-1毫米) 对分子旋转和固体/液体/气体振动光谱学至关重要.
- 目前的FIR检测技术,包括超导玻洛米,缺乏单光子检测的灵敏度,阻碍了研究.
- 可见和近红外区域通过光倍增管实现单光子计数,突出显示FIR能力的差距.
研究的目的:
- 为单个远红外 (FIR) 光子开发一种高度敏感的探测器.
- 为了克服现有的FIR探测器的局限性,并使单光子计数在这个光谱范围内.
- 通过在FIR地区提供新的灵敏度水平来增强光谱研究.
主要方法:
- 在高磁场中使用基于半导体量子点的单电子晶体管 (SET).
- 在175-210微米 (6.0-7.1 meV) 的远红外波长范围内运行探测器.
- 在有效探测器面积为0.1mm2.2的有效探测器面积上,测量了光子流量,时间分辨率为1毫秒.
主要成果:
- 实现了单个远红外光子的检测.
- 证明了前所未有的灵敏度,检测到每秒0.1光子的入射流量,超过了以前的1万倍以上.
- 观察到一种新的检测机制,其中一个被吸收的光子通过量子点产生106-1012电子的电流.
结论:
- 开发的半导体量子点单电子晶体管代表了远红外探测器技术的重大进步.
- 这种新型探测器实现了单光子灵敏度,为FIR的高分辨率光谱和基本物理研究开辟了新的途径.
- 非传统的检测机制为跨越各种光谱范围的超敏感光子检测提供了一条途径.
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