在HIV-1感染的肺结核患者中,Mycobacterium tuberculosis的传染性:一个前性研究
M A Espinal1, E N Peréz, J Baéz
1National Centre for Research on Maternal and Child Health, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. espinalm@who.ch
Lancet (London, England)
|February 16, 2000
概括
结核病和HIV-1感染的个体似乎不太可能将Mycobacterium结核病传播给家庭接触者. 这一发现表明,当HIV-1存在时,目前的结核病接触者追踪政策不需要改变.
科学领域:
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 关于HIV-1和肺结核患者的传染性,存在相互矛盾的结果.
- 评估HIV-1对Mycobacterium结核病传播的影响对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了前性地评估人类免疫缺陷病毒1型 (HIV-1) 对Mycobacterium结核病的传染性的影响.
- 为了确定一个指数病例的HIV-1状态是否会影响家庭内的结核病传播.
主要方法:
- 在多米尼加共和国进行了一项前性队列研究.
- 对新诊断肺结核患者 (HIV-1阳性和阴性) 的家庭接触者进行了14个月的跟踪.
- 结核素皮肤测试, anergy测试,体检,胸部X射线图和唾液涂抹被用于评估M结核病感染和疾病.
主要成果:
- 与HIV-1-阴性指数病例 (76%) 相比,HIV-1-阳性指数病例 (61%) 的接触者中的结核素阳性明显较低.
- 多变量分析证实了索引病例HIV-1状态与接触者结核素反应之间的反向关联 (OR 0.52).
- 结核素皮肤测试转换在HIV-1阳性指数病例的接触者中较少发生.
结论:
- 与HIV-1阴性个体相比,患有结核病的HIV-1阳性个体在对密切接触者的Mycobacterium结核病传播方面具有较低的传染性.
- 目前的结核病接触者追踪政策不需要在HIV-1共感染的背景下进行修改.
相关概念视频
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
01:31Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
01:26Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
01:23Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...