延迟在种子发育过程中对父基因组的激活
J P Vielle-Calzada1, R Baskar, U Grossniklaus
1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA.
Nature
|March 15, 2000
概括
在阿拉比多普西斯种子发育过程中,在受精时,父基因组被沉默. 父亲基因激活发生较晚,这表明早期胚胎和内的发育主要由母亲控制.
科学领域:
- 植物生殖生物学 植物生殖生物学
- 发育遗传学的发展遗传学.
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
背景情况:
- 在开花植物中,母体转化为胚胎的过渡时间在很大程度上是未知的.
- 植物胚胎可以从体细胞或微子体中发展,从而减少了在早期胚胎发生过程中对母体的感知重要性.
- 像emb30/gnom这样的早期起作用的胚胎致命突变表明了母体和父体基因组的立即受精后活动.
研究的目的:
- 调查在Arabidopsis.种子早期发育期间父基因组激活的时间.
- 为了确定在胚胎发生的初始阶段父基因组沉默的程度.
- 重新评估母体和父体基因组在植物早期发育中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在早期阿拉比多普西斯种子发育过程中,对20个不同位置的父性遗传等位基表达的分析.
- 对emb30/gnom突变的遗传研究,检查其母性效应表型和父性可救性.
- 基因表达时间对母系和父系等位基因之间的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 在测试的Arabidopsis loci.中,在早期种子发育过程中没有表达出由父继承的等位基因.
- 后来表达的基因的父方等位基因在受精后三到四天变得活跃.
- 胚胎30/小矮人突变表现出一种可以通过父亲挽救的母性效应表型,并具有胚胎致死性.
结论:
- 在阿拉比多普西斯中,早期的种子和内的发育主要由母体基因组控制.
- 在Arabidopsis中,父基因组最初是沉默的,激活在发育过程中显著晚些时候发生.
- 以往对受精后双亲基因组活动的解释需要根据这些发现进行修订.
更多相关视频
08:52A Seed Coat Bedding Assay to Genetically Explore In Vitro How the Endosperm Controls Seed Germination in Arabidopsis thaliana
Published on: November 10, 2013
13.2K
06:28Preparation of Intact Tissue for Microscopic Analysis of the Endosperm Cell Layer in Developing and Mature Arabidopsis Seeds
Published on: May 16, 2025
1.3K
相关概念视频
Spermatogenesis
91.0K
Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
91.0K
Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte
27.7K
Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.
27.7K
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
7.8K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
7.8K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks
5.1K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
5.1K
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
30.2K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
30.2K
Gene Regulation During Sporulation
713
Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...
713
