携带乘客是导致16岁和17岁司机死亡事故的危险因素
L H Chen1, S P Baker, E R Braver
1Center for Injury Research and Policy, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-1996, USA. lhchen@jhsph.edu
JAMA
|March 29, 2000
概括
十几岁的司机面临着与乘客发生致命碰撞的更高风险. 随着每位额外乘客的增加,风险会显著增加,这凸显了逐步许可限制的必要性.
科学领域:
- 交通安全研究 交通安全研究
- 青少年健康 青少年健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 机动车事故是青少年死亡的主要原因.
- 携带乘客是青少年驾驶员发生车祸的潜在危险因素.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定乘客是否会增加16岁和17岁司机的致命撞车风险.
- 为了检查风险如何根据一天中的时间,驾驶员/乘客的年龄和性别而变化.
主要方法:
- 从死亡分析报告系统,一般估计系统和全国个人运输调查 (1992-1997) 的数据分析.
- 检查了每100万次出行和每1000次碰撞的司机死亡率.
- 包括16-17岁的乘用车,货车或皮卡车的司机.
主要成果:
- 对于16岁和17岁的司机来说,致命事故的风险随着乘客人数的增加而显著增加.
- 对于16岁的乘客来说,每1000万次旅行中死亡的相对风险从一个乘客的1.39增加到三个或更多乘客的2.82.
- 对于17岁的乘客来说,每1000万次旅行中死亡的相对风险从一个乘客的1.48增加到三个或更多乘客的3.07. 无论白天何时,都观察到风险增加,但男性司机面临的风险更高. 运输男性或年轻乘客 (<30岁) 也增加了事故死亡人数.
结论:
- 对于年轻司机 (16-17岁) 来说,致命伤害的风险随着他们携带的乘客数量而增加.
- 这些发现支持在青少年的驾驶执照分级系统中实施乘客限制.
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