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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume

Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac output averages...
Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
Coronary Artery Disease V: Interprofessional Care01:27

Coronary Artery Disease V: Interprofessional Care

Interprofessional care for coronary artery disease includes pharmacological therapy and revascularization procedures.Pharmacological therapy for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve patient outcomes through various classes of medications:Antiplatelet Agents:Aspirin and Clopidogrel: These medications inhibit platelet aggregation, preventing blood clots, which is crucial for avoiding heart attacks and strokes. Doctors often prescribe these...

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Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
04:48

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery

Published on: November 28, 2018

在进行冠状动脉血管塑造的医院中,体积与结果关系的演变.

V Ho1

  • 1John M. Olin School of Business, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA. ho@olin.wustl.edu

Circulation
|April 19, 2000
PubMed
概括

医院手术的数量会影响患者的治疗结果. 这项研究表明,随着时间的推移,所有医院的结果都有所改善,缩小了皮肤透光冠状动脉血管造形术 (PTCA) 的低体积和高体积中心之间的差距.

科学领域:

  • 心血管外科心血管外科
  • 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
  • 改善医疗质量 改善医疗质量

背景情况:

  • 医院中手术手术量较高通常与更好的患者结果有关.
  • 本研究探讨了医疗保健中体积与结果关系的历史趋势.

研究的目的:

  • 为了检查通过皮肤进行透光冠状动脉血管塑造 (PTCA) 程序的体积-结果关系的随时间演变.
  • 根据不同时间段的医院PTCA体积,评估住院死亡率和绕道手术率的变化.

主要方法:

  • 分析了1984年至1996年期间在加利福尼亚州治疗的353,488例患者病例.
  • 利用描述性统计和后勤回归来比较三个不同的时间间隔的结果:1984-1987,1988-1992和1993-1996.
  • 检查了与医院PTCA手术量相关的医院内死亡率和绕道手术率 (<200对>400次手术/年).

主要成果:

  • 低容量 (<200 PTCA/年) 与高容量 (>400 PTCA/年) 的医院住院死亡率从2.5%与1.3% (1984-1987) 降至1.7%与1.3% (1993-1996).医院住院死亡率从2.5%与1.3% (1984-1987) 降至1.7%与1.3% (1993-1996).
  • 在研究期间,绕道手术率在低体积 vs 高体积医院缩小和下降,从12.4% vs 6.9%降至4.6% vs 3.3%

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
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  • PTCA体积显著预测死亡率和绕道率,低体积医院的结果改善与高体积中心的好处相比.

    • 结论:

    • 随着时间的推移,PTCA的低体积和高体积医院之间的结果差异显著缩小.
    • 所有医院都在患者结局方面表现出了显著的改善,无论初始体积如何.
    • 对于PTCA,较低的最低体积标准可能在服务不足的地区是合适的,而在这些地区,血管整形手术是不可用的.