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相关概念视频

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
08:11

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Published on: September 1, 2015

在Mycobacterium结核病感染中,CD1c介导的T细胞对异oprenoid糖脂的识别.

D B Moody1, T Ulrichs, W Mühlecker

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. bmoody@rics.bwh.harvard.edu

Nature
|April 29, 2000
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员发现了一种新的脂质抗原类,即由CD1c分子呈现的异oprenoid甘油脂. 这些抗原在Mycobacterium结核病感染期间被T细胞识别,这表明它们在免疫反应中的作用.

更多相关视频

Separation and Fractionation of Cell Wall and Cell Membrane Proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis for Downstream Protein Analysis
06:14

Separation and Fractionation of Cell Wall and Cell Membrane Proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis for Downstream Protein Analysis

Published on: September 26, 2025

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1
07:42

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1

Published on: February 28, 2025

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
08:11

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Published on: September 1, 2015

Separation and Fractionation of Cell Wall and Cell Membrane Proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis for Downstream Protein Analysis
06:14

Separation and Fractionation of Cell Wall and Cell Membrane Proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis for Downstream Protein Analysis

Published on: September 26, 2025

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1
07:42

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1

Published on: February 28, 2025

科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 葡萄糖生物学 葡萄糖生物学

背景情况:

  • CD1抗原呈现途径包括脂质,但天然的脂质抗原和CD1受限制的T细胞功能尚未完全理解.
  • 异oprenoid甘油脂在进化过程中得到保存,对于蛋白质糖化和细胞壁合成至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了识别由CD1c受限T细胞识别的新型脂质抗原.
  • 为了研究CD1-受限T细胞在对菌根菌感染的反应中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 描述T细胞抗原受体和CD1c与脂质抗原的相互作用.
  • 分析受感染个体T细胞对菌根细菌糖脂的反应.

主要成果:

  • 一个保存的异oprenoid甘油脂家族,包括hexosyl-1-phosphoisoprenoids和mannosyl-beta1-phosphodolichols,被确定为CD1c呈现的抗原.
  • 来自M.结核病感染个体的CD1c受限制的T细胞和T淋巴细胞识别了mannosyl-beta1-phosphodolichols.
  • 原始人没有反应,这表明在适应性免疫力中发挥了作用.

结论:

  • 已经定义了一个新类广泛分布的脂质抗原,在感染期间由CD1系统呈现.
  • 这一发现表明一种潜在的免疫机制可以识别老化或转变的细胞与改变的多利霍尔脂质.