二型糖尿病取消了绝经前妇女内皮功能中的性别差异
H O Steinberg1, G Paradisi, J Cronin
1Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, and the Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Circulation
|May 3, 2000
概括
女性的内皮功能比男性更好,部分原因是氧化的释放量更高. 糖尿病会损害女性的这一功能,使其与男性相似,并可能解释类似的心血管疾病的发生率.
科学领域:
- 心血管科学 心血管科学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 生理学 生理学 生理学
背景情况:
- 肥胖对男性的心血管风险比女性更大.
- 传统的心血管风险因素不能完全解释这种性别差异.
- 研究了独立于肥胖和糖尿病影响的内皮功能差异.
研究的目的:
- 测试女性是否比男性具有更强大的内皮功能,独立于肥胖.
- 为了确定糖尿病是否取消了内皮功能中的这种性别差异.
- 为了研究氧化在基于性别的内皮功能差异中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在瘦,肥胖和糖尿病的绝经前妇女和男性中研究了对血管扩张剂 (甲醇化物和酸) 的腿部血流 (LBF) 反应.
- 评估正常男性和女性对L-NMMA (氧化合成酶抑制剂) 的LBF反应.
- 根据年龄和体重指数对应的参与者.
主要成果:
- 瘦身和肥胖的女性比男性更显著地增加了LBF对甲胆的增加.
- 糖尿病女性和男性表现出类似的LBF对甲醇的反应,表明性别差异已被废除.
- 在女性中,L-NMMA导致LBF比男性更大的下降,这表明女性的氧化合成酶活性更高.
结论:
- 绝经前妇女由于增加的氧化释放而具有较高的内皮依赖血管扩张,这可能解释了较低的宏血管疾病发病率.
- 糖尿病显著损害了绝经前妇女的内皮功能,导致与糖尿病男性相似的功能障碍.
- 这些发现可能会阐明在糖尿病男性和女性中观察到的冠状动脉疾病和死亡率的相似率.
相关概念视频
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
10.5K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
10.5K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
5.0K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.0K
01:26Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
121
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
121
01:26Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
57
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
57
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
36
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
36
01:25Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
32
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated...
32