儿童乘客死亡和受伤的特点,涉及饮酒驾驶员
K P Quinlan1, R D Brewer, D A Sleet
1Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Division of Unintential Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3714, USA. kaq0@cdc.gov
JAMA
|May 12, 2000
概括
儿童乘客死亡和受伤经常涉及酒后驾驶员,通常是父母或照顾者. 没有节制的儿童在与有损驾驶员一起骑行时面临的风险最大.
科学领域:
- 交通安全研究 交通安全研究
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 伤害预防 预防伤害
背景情况:
- 汽车事故是美国儿童和年轻成年人 (1-24岁) 死亡的主要原因.
- 酒精参与是一个重要的因素,约有24%的儿童交通事故死亡.
研究的目的:
- 分析涉及儿童乘客死亡事故和与饮酒驾驶员有关的受伤事故事故的特征.
- 确定制定有效预防策略的关键因素.
主要方法:
- 使用Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) 和一般估计系统 (GES) 的数据进行了一项描述性的流行病学分析.
- 数据涵盖了1985年至1996年的儿童乘客死亡 (年龄为0-14岁) 和1988年至1996年的非致命伤害.
- 根据驾驶员的特征,包括年龄,血液中酒精度 (BAC) 和驾驶史,对结果进行了检查.
主要成果:
- 在1985年至1996年期间,5555名儿童乘客死亡涉及饮酒驾驶员;64%发生在儿童与受损驾驶员一起乘车时,该驾驶员通常是父母年龄 (67%).
- 运送儿童的饮酒驾驶员更有可能有先前的驾照暂停 (17.1%与7.1%) 或在醉酒 (DWI) 期间驾驶的定罪 (7.9%与1.2%).
- 随着儿童年龄和驾驶员BAC的增加,儿童座椅的使用量下降. 据估计,149,000名儿童乘客在酒后驾驶员 (1988-1996) 的碰撞中受到了非致命伤害.
结论:
- 大多数与酒精有关的儿童乘客死亡事故涉及与酒精驾驶员一起旅行的不受约束的儿童.
- 饮酒驾驶员通常是父母或照顾者年龄的成年人.
- 调查结果强调了针对儿童驾驶障碍的干预措施的急需性.
相关概念视频
Introduction to Test of Independence
In statistics, the term independence means that one can directly obtain the probability of any event involving both variables by multiplying their individual probabilities. Tests of independence are chi-square tests involving the use of a contingency table of observed (data) values.
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:
Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence
The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are:
H0: The two variables (factors)...
H0: The two variables (factors)...
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine
Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking
Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
Depressants
Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction
DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...


