在土壤中检测和分类大气中甲氧化细菌
I D Bull1, N R Parekh, G H Hall
1School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, UK.
Nature
|May 23, 2000
概括
土壤微生物氧化大气中的甲,作为一个重要的全球甲沉. 这项研究确定了一种新型的土壤微生物,该微生物在环境大气度下负责甲氧化.
科学领域:
- 环境微生物学环境微生物学
- 生物地质化学生物地质化学
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
背景情况:
- 土壤对于大气中甲的氧化至关重要,对全球甲沉降有很大贡献.
- 在土壤中推断有两种甲氧化细菌 (甲) 种群:高亲和和低亲和.
- 在大气中甲水平上活跃的高亲和力甲营养菌的微生物学仍然不太清楚,因为它们没有被培养菌株所代表.
研究的目的:
- 在温带森林土壤中的大气度下,调查和识别负责甲氧化的微生物.
- 在环境大气条件下为土壤微生物对甲同化提供同位素证据.
主要方法:
- 设计了一个新的脉冲追踪实验,使用稳定的同位素 (12CH4和13CH4).
- 长期用12CH4进行丰富后,随后对13CH4进行短期暴露,以标记活性甲类植物.
- 用脂脂肪酸 (PLFA) 的分析来识别和量化微生物种群及其碳同化.
主要成果:
- 在真正的大气度 (1.8-3.6 p.p.m.v.) 下,土壤微生物吸收甲的明确证据. 这是获得的.
- 检测到高比例的13C标记的C18脂肪酸和标记的C17分支脂肪酸.
- 这些发现表明,在PLFA层面上,一种以前未经表征的甲类植物占主导地位,类似于II型甲类植物.
结论:
- 一种新型的土壤微生物,类似于II型甲营养菌,是温带森林土壤中大气甲氧化的主要驱动因素.
- 这项研究阐明了在环境大气度下甲氧化过程的微生物学,这种过程以前没有被培养菌株所特征.
- 这些发现有助于了解土壤的甲沉降和微生物在大气气体调节中的作用.
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