滑坡速率对土壤初始多孔性的急性敏感性
R M Iverson1, M E Reid, N R Iverson
1U.S. Geological Survey, 5400 MacArthur Boulevard, Vancouver, WA 98661, USA.
概括
土壤多孔性的小差异会极大地影响滑坡的速度. 较高孔隙度的土壤液化和加速迅速,而较低孔隙度的土壤表现出缓慢的,偶尔的滑动. 这项研究突出了孔隙性作为滑坡动态的一个关键因素.
科学领域:
- 地质地质地质地质地质地
- 地质物理学 地质物理学
- 土壤力学 土壤力学
背景情况:
- 滑坡表现出各种各样的运动行为,从缓慢的爬行到灾难性的加速.
- 孔水压是影响斜坡稳定性和山体滑坡发生的关键因素.
研究的目的:
- 调查土壤初始多孔度对滑坡移动速度的影响.
- 了解控制对比的山体滑坡行为的机制.
主要方法:
- 在受控条件下使用潮湿的沙土进行滑坡的实验模拟.
- 操纵初始的土壤多孔性 (大约. 0.5与0.4) 和孔隙水压.
主要成果:
- 土壤有较高的多孔性 (约. 0.5) 在几秒钟内收缩,液化,并迅速加速 (>1 m/s).
- 土壤有较低的多孔性 (约. 0.4) 扩大,经历了偶发性滑落 (平均值). 0.002 m/s),并且由于孔隙压力下降而自行停止.
结论:
- 最初的土壤多孔度是决定滑坡流动性和故障模式的关键参数.
- 相反的山体滑坡动态 (快速加速与偶尔滑动) 与故障期间的土壤收缩/膨胀有关.
- 了解依赖毛孔度的行为对于预测山体滑坡风险和制定缓解策略至关重要.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Responses to Drought and Flooding
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
Responses to Salt Stress
Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change
Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
Soil Microbial Ecology
Soil microbial ecology is defined by highly diverse, spatially structured communities that drive nutrient cycling, organic matter turnover, and overall ecosystem stability. Although a gram of soil can contain thousands of bacterial and archaeal taxa, the ecological processes they mediate are even more crucial for sustaining terrestrial life.Microhabitats and NichesSoil is a heterogeneous mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, and air. Microbes inhabit distinct microhabitats formed by...


