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相关概念视频

Structure and Function of Leukocytes01:21

Structure and Function of Leukocytes

An adult in good health typically has between 4,500 and 11,000 leukocytes, or white blood cells, per microliter of blood, which constitutes about 1% of the total blood volume. Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells contain a nucleus and other cellular organelles but do not have hemoglobin. Most white blood cells reside in connective tissues, particularly in lymphatic organs such as the lymph nodes, with only a small fraction present in circulating blood.
White blood cells protect the body...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Expansion, Purification, and Functional Assessment of Human Peripheral Blood NK Cells
10:44

Expansion, Purification, and Functional Assessment of Human Peripheral Blood NK Cells

Published on: February 2, 2011

干白素21及其受体参与NK细胞扩张和淋巴细胞功能调节.

J Parrish-Novak1, S R Dillon, A Nelson

  • 1Department of Functional Cloning, ZymoGenetics, Inc., Seattle, Washington 98102, USA.

Nature
|November 18, 2000
PubMed
概括

研究人员发现了Interleukin-21 (IL21),这是一种对免疫细胞发育至关重要的新型细胞因子. IL21及其受体 (IL21 R) 在自然杀手,B细胞和T细胞的增殖和成熟中发挥作用,影响免疫反应.

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Natural Killer (NK) and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line
11:02

Natural Killer (NK) and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Expansion, Purification, and Functional Assessment of Human Peripheral Blood NK Cells
10:44

Expansion, Purification, and Functional Assessment of Human Peripheral Blood NK Cells

Published on: February 2, 2011

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions
08:17

Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions

Published on: October 30, 2016

Natural Killer (NK) and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line
11:02

Natural Killer (NK) and CAR-NK Cell Expansion Method using Membrane Bound-IL-21-Modified B Cell Line

Published on: February 8, 2022

科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学

背景情况:

  • 细胞因子调节血液形成和免疫反应,影响淋巴细胞的发育.
  • 确定了一种新型的I类细胞因子受体,在淋巴细胞组织中选择性表达.
  • 这种受体能够进行信号传导,从而实现功能性检测.

研究的目的:

  • 识别和表征一种新型细胞因子及其对应的受体,参与免疫调节.
  • 为了建立一个功能测试,用于连接体检测和克隆细胞因子.
  • 阐明新型细胞因子在淋巴细胞增殖和成熟中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 在BaF3细胞中表达全长的I类细胞因子受体,以创建功能性检测.
  • 使用来自激活的人类CD3+T细胞的条件介质来支持测试细胞系的增殖.
  • 从激活的人类CD3+T细胞构建一个互补的DNA表达库,用于功能性克隆.
  • 在体外测试以评估已识别的细胞因子对各种免疫细胞种群的影响.

主要成果:

  • 鉴定了一种新型细胞因子,被指定为Interleukin-21 (IL21),具有四螺旋环捆结构.
  • 对应受体的识别,被指定为IL21受体 (IL21 R).
  • IL21在自然杀手 (NK) 细胞的增殖和成熟中发挥了作用.
  • IL21支持成熟的B细胞 (与抗CD40联合刺激) 和T细胞 (与抗CD3联合刺激) 的增殖.

结论:

  • 一种新的细胞因子IL21及其受体IL21R已被确定,扩大了对细胞因子信号传递的理解.
  • IL21与关键免疫细胞类型的增殖和成熟有关,包括NK,B和T细胞.
  • 发现IL21和IL21R为调节免疫反应和理解血液形成提供了新的点.