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相关概念视频

What are Second Messengers?01:12

What are Second Messengers?

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Fluorescence-based Measurement of Store-operated Calcium Entry in Live Cells: from Cultured Cancer Cell to Skeletal Muscle Fiber
14:18

Fluorescence-based Measurement of Store-operated Calcium Entry in Live Cells: from Cultured Cancer Cell to Skeletal Muscle Fiber

Published on: February 13, 2012

通过抑制InsP3 5-酸酶,InsP4促进了储存的流入.

M C Hermosura1, H Takeuchi, A Fleig

  • 1Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Signaling, Center for Biomedical Research and John A Burns School of Medicine at The University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96813, USA.

Nature
|December 29, 2000
PubMed
概括

内醇1,3,4,5-四基酸盐 (InsP4) 通过抑制内醇1,4,5-三酸盐 (InsP3) 的代谢来调节 (Ca2+) 的流入. 这种机制使InsP4能够控制细胞对InsP3的敏感性,作为一种双模调节器.

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Direct Imaging of ER Calcium with Targeted-Esterase Induced Dye Loading (TED)
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Direct Imaging of ER Calcium with Targeted-Esterase Induced Dye Loading (TED)

Published on: May 7, 2013

Single-Cell Calcium Imaging for Studying the Activation of Calcium Ion Channels
07:17

Single-Cell Calcium Imaging for Studying the Activation of Calcium Ion Channels

Published on: December 13, 2024

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Fluorescence-based Measurement of Store-operated Calcium Entry in Live Cells: from Cultured Cancer Cell to Skeletal Muscle Fiber
14:18

Fluorescence-based Measurement of Store-operated Calcium Entry in Live Cells: from Cultured Cancer Cell to Skeletal Muscle Fiber

Published on: February 13, 2012

Direct Imaging of ER Calcium with Targeted-Esterase Induced Dye Loading (TED)
09:32

Direct Imaging of ER Calcium with Targeted-Esterase Induced Dye Loading (TED)

Published on: May 7, 2013

Single-Cell Calcium Imaging for Studying the Activation of Calcium Ion Channels
07:17

Single-Cell Calcium Imaging for Studying the Activation of Calcium Ion Channels

Published on: December 13, 2024

科学领域:

  • 蜂信号传输是如何进行的
  • 的恒温稳定 的恒温稳定
  • 生物化学 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 受体的激活产生伊诺西1,4,5-三酸盐 (InsP3),触发细胞内 (Ca2+) 的释放和储存的流入.
  • 胰岛素P3由5-酸酶和3-酶迅速代谢,分别变成胰岛素1,4) P2和胰岛素1,3,4,5-四基酸盐 (胰岛素P4).
  • 尽管之前的研究存在矛盾,但InsP4在信号传递中的确切生理作用仍然不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 研究InsP4在调节RBL-2H3巨细胞系中Ca2+流入中的功能.
  • 阐明InsP4影响InsP3代谢和储存运行的电流的机制.
  • 确定InsP4作为细胞对InsP3.3敏感性的调节者的作用.

主要方法:

  • 在实验研究中利用了RBL-2H3巨细胞系.
  • 测量InsP3代谢率在InsP4.4的存在和缺席的情况下.
  • 评估了InsP4对储存Ca2+电流 (ICRAC) 激活的影响.

主要成果:

  • 发现InsP4可以通过InsP3 5-酸酶抑制InsP3的代谢.
  • 这种由InsP4的抑制促进了存储运行的Ca2+电流 (ICRAC) 的激活.
  • InsP4证明了InsP3受体的双模调节,在低度时起到促进作用,在高度时起到抑制作用.

结论:

  • 通过调节InsP3代谢,InsP4在调节Ca2+流入方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
  • 这些发现揭示了一种新的机制,即InsP4为巧合检测创造了一个时间窗口,在特定受体刺激模式期间增强Ca2+流入.
  • InsP4 作为对 InsP3 细胞敏感性的强有力的双模调节器,在 Ca2+ 信号通路中影响促进和抑制反.