在Hominidae血统中诞生了两个嵌合基因
1Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 6097, 660 route des Lucioles Sophia Antipolis 06560 Valbonne, France.
概括
两个新的人类基因,PMCHL1和PMCHL2,通过复杂的遗传机制,如外体混合和重复,从MCH基因进化. 它们的保存表达表明它们在灵长类动物进化中的重要作用.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 具有新功能的基因的起源是进化遗传学的关键问题.
- 人类血统为研究基因进化提供了独特的机会.
- 化学基因是由不同基因的部分组合而形成的,为新型基因形成提供了洞察力.
研究的目的:
- 调查人类血统中两个仿真基因PMCHL1和PMCHL2的起源和演变.
- 了解推动这些新型基因形成的分子机制.
- 探索这些仿真基因表达的进化约束.
主要方法:
- 对PMCHL1和PMCHL2的详细结构分析.
- 跨不同灵长类物种的基因表达模式分析.
- 遗传学分析以确定基因形成的进化历史和时间.
主要成果:
- 大约2500万年前,PMCHL1起源于一种反感性黑色素缩激素 (MCH) 传递 RNA的前子混杂和 de novo 结合部位的创建.
- 5到100万年前,PMCHL2通过重复含有PMCHL1.1的染色体区域而产生.
- 在灵长类动物进化过程中,PMCHL1和PMCHL2的表达模式表明了强大的调节约束.
结论:
- 复杂的机制,包括外子混合和基因重复,有助于新奇的化学基因的出现.
- PMCHL1和PMCHL2的演变突显了人类基因组的动态性质.
- 保存的表达模式表明,在灵长类动物进化过程中,这些基因具有功能重要性和监管压力.
相关概念视频
Gene Families
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Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Protein Families
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Synteny and Evolution
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
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Gene Duplication and Divergence
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Gene Families
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Genetic Variation
Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...


