定义和完善国际捐助者对抗艾滋病流行病的支持
1Center for International Development, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. amir_attaran@harvard.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|February 24, 2001
概括
国际援助对艾滋病的控制是不够的,资金仅为每名感染者3美元. 增加以赠款为基础的援助对于有效应对艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行病至关重要.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 发展经济学 发展经济学
背景情况:
- 与其严重程度相比,国际对获得性免疫缺陷综合征 (艾滋病) 流行病的反应不成比例地低.
- 历史上的援助水平相对于人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 感染率的增加而有所下降.
研究的目的:
- 分析国际金融援助对撒哈拉以南非洲艾滋病毒/艾滋病控制的不足.
- 提出一个框架,增加和更有效的国际援助,以打击艾滋病大流行.
主要方法:
- 分析1996年至1998年间国际援助捐助者向经济合作与发展组织 (OECD) 自行报告的财务数据.
- 对艾滋病毒/艾滋病控制的捐助者总支出的估计,包括报告不足和错误报告.
主要成果:
- 在1996-1998年间,撒哈拉以南非洲地区对艾滋病控制的平均年度援助约为6900万美元,可能达到这一数额的两倍.
- 目前的援助水平相当于每名艾滋病毒感染者大约3美元,与流行病的规模形成鲜明对比.
- 财务限制被认为是控制艾滋病的首要障碍,超过了政府对受影响国家的感知缺乏兴趣.
结论:
- 国际援助的大幅增加,在三年内每年至少增加75亿美元,对于对艾滋病大流行有意义的应对至关重要.
- 援助应以赠款,而不是贷款形式提供给最贫穷的国家,并资助受援国优先考虑的项目,并由独立的科学专家验证.
- 综合性资金必须针对预防,治疗 (包括抗逆转录病毒疗法) 和母婴艾滋病毒传播,这是经合组织经济体容易承担的援助规模.
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