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自然界中草食动物诱导的植物挥发性排放的防御功能
1Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany.
概括
植物在被草食动物攻击时释放挥发性物质,吸引捕食者减少草食动物数量. 这项研究证实,这些间接防御在自然生态系统中起作用,可能会使草食动物种群减少90%以上.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 植物与昆虫的相互作用
- 化学生态化学生态学
背景情况:
- 草食动物对植物的损害会引发挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 的释放.
- 众所周知,这些挥发性有机化合物会吸引食草动物的天然敌人,这一现象主要在实验室和农业环境中进行研究.
- 这些间接植物防御在自然环境中的有效性需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 为了量化Nicotiana attenuata植物在自然草食动物攻击下的挥发性排放量.
- 评估特定挥发性物质及其混合物对自然环境中的食草动物种群的影响.
- 确认间接植物防御在自然生态系统中的作用.
主要方法:
- 对Nicotiana attenuata种群的实地研究,该种群遭受了三种以叶子为食的食草动物物种的攻击.
- 来自受损工厂的挥发性排放量的量化.
- 对五种常见的挥发物进行实验模仿,以评估它们对捕食者与猎物的相互作用和草食者卵位的影响.
主要成果:
- 发现三种特定的挥发性物质 (cis-3-hexen-1-ol, linalool, cis-alpha-bergamotene) 可以增加一般性捕食者的蛋掠食.
- 利纳和挥发性物质的完整混合物减少了白类食草动物的产卵 (oviposition).
- 植物挥发性排放可以导致草食动物数量减少90%以上.
结论:
- 通过挥发性排放媒介的间接植物防御在自然种群中是有效的.
- 特定的植物挥发性物质在吸引捕食者和阻止食草动物方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 这项研究提供了强有力的证据,证明了植物排放的挥发物在自然环境中调解三性相互作用的生态意义.
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