阅读障碍:文化多样性和生物统一性
E Paulesu1, J F Démonet, F Fazio
1Psychology Department, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy. eraldo.paulesu@unimib.it
概括
阅读障碍是一种神经发育障碍,具有普遍的神经认知基础. 各国阅读表现的差异是由于不同的拼写,而不是疾病本身.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 阅读障碍症通常被视为非特异性,原因是变化的,文化特异性的阅读困难.
- 之前的研究表明,阅读障碍症的阅读表现在不同拼写系统之间有很大差异.
研究的目的:
- 通过不同的拼写背景来研究阅读障碍的神经认知基础.
- 确定阅读障碍是否存在普遍的基础,尽管阅读表现的文化差异存在.
主要方法:
- 意大利,英格兰和法国的阅读障碍患者的比较阅读和语音任务绩效分析.
- 在明确和隐含的阅读任务中进行 pozitron发射断层扫描 (PET) 扫描,以评估大脑活动.
- 分析特定区域的大脑活动,包括中回,下和上回以及中回.
主要成果:
- 虽然意大利的阅读障碍患者在阅读任务中表现更好,因为拼写不深,但与对照组相比,所有阅读障碍组在阅读和语音任务中表现出同等的损害.
- 在所有阅读障碍患者中,PET扫描显示左半球特定区域的持续性活动减少.
- 观察到最显著的活动减少是在中部状回路,在下部和上部状回路和中部状回路的额外发现.
结论:
- 阅读障碍症的普遍神经认知基础是由一致的大脑活动模式支持的.
- 正写的深度和复杂性显著影响了阅读障碍症患者的可观察到的阅读表现.
- 这项研究挑战了认为阅读障碍仅仅是文化特异性的观念,突出了共同的神经基础.
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