日本的医疗疏忽和法律解决系统
K Nakajima1, C Keyes, T Kuroyanagi
1Department of Social and Environmental Health F2, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. kazuen@pbhel.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
JAMA
|April 13, 2001
概括
日本的医疗失误索赔正在增加,尽管仍然比西方国家少. 最高法院和日本医学协会 (JMA) 的数据显示,在过去30年中,诉讼和奖励的数量有所增加.
科学领域:
- 医疗法 法律 医疗法
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
- 风险管理 风险管理
背景情况:
- 西方社会广泛研究医疗失误对护理质量和患者赔偿的影响.
- 由于数据的保密性,日本的医疗失误环境仍然不明朗.
- 现有的研究缺乏对日本医疗疏忽索赔和争端解决的全面分析.
研究的目的:
- 审查日本的医疗失误责任制度和三十年来索赔频率.
- 分析日本医疗疏忽诉讼和赔偿的趋势.
- 评估日本医疗保健系统内的争端解决机制的有效性.
主要方法:
- 分析来自日本最高法院,卫生,劳工和福利部以及日本医学会 (JMA) 的数据.
- 检查1970年至1998年的不当行为索赔频率和责任保险费率.
- 将JMA成员之间的索赔数据与公开可用的法庭记录进行比较.
主要成果:
- 在日本地区法院提起的年度医疗失误诉讼数量从1970年的102起增加到1998年的629起.
- 超过89,300美元的奖项比例从1976年的13.6%大幅上升到1987年的65.4%.
- 虽然JMA会员索赔增加了31% (1987-1999),但索赔频率保持稳定,约为每100名医生0.3人.
结论:
- 日本的医疗失误索赔正在增加,尽管与美国,英国和德国相比,其总体频率较低.
- 联合监管局的法外审查更快,更便宜,但对威或纪律无效.
- 关于所有权利要求的数据有限,阻碍了全面的评估,风险管理和日本的医生教育.
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