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植物多样性增强了生态系统对二氧化碳和沉积量增加的反应

P B Reich¹, J Knops, D Tilman

¹Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. preich@forestry.umn.edu

|April 12, 2001

概括

植物的多样性增强了生态系统的生物质和碳的采集在不断上升的大气二氧化碳 (CO2) 和沉积. 富有物种的草原对全球变化因素的反应比物种贫乏的草原更强.

科学领域:

生态生态学生态生态学
全球变化生物学
生态系统科学生态系统科学

背景情况:

人类活动正在推动全球环境变化,包括减少植物生物多样性,增加大气二氧化碳和沉积.
这些全球变化对生态系统过程的互动效应在很大程度上是未知的.
人们担心生物多样性下降可能会对生态系统功能产生负面影响,尤其是在全球变化同时发生的情况下.

研究的目的:

测试植物多样性和组成是否影响生态系统生物质和碳获取.
为了研究这些影响在受到高大气二氧化碳和沉积的草原.
了解生物多样性丧失如何与其他全球变化驱动因素相互作用.

主要方法:

美国明尼苏达州进行了一项草原实地实验.
实验控制了植物多样性 (1,4,9或16个物种).
大气中的二氧化碳度通过使用自由空气的二氧化碳丰富提高 (环境与560微摩尔mol-1相比).
通过沉积来操纵土壤 (未经修改与4g N m-2 yr-1相比).

主要成果:

单独或联合地增加CO2和沉积,增强生物质积累.
这种生物质的增强在物种贫困的植物组合中明显不那么明显.
丰富物种的草原在生物质中对二氧化碳和的升高呈现出更大的积极反应.

结论:

植物多样性在调节生态系统对全球变化因素的反应方面发挥着至关重要的作用,例如二氧化碳和沉积的增加.
生物多样性丧失可以减少生态系统从增加的资源中受益的能力.
保持植物多样性对于生态系统的弹性和在不断变化的世界中的功能至关重要.

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