在哺乳动物细胞核内结合转录和翻译
F J Iborra1, D A Jackson, P R Cook
1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 26, 2001
概括
研究人员发现,翻译,即蛋白质制造过程,可以发生在哺乳动物细胞的细胞核中,挑战了关于细胞分离的长期信念. 这种核转化与活跃的基因转录有关,这表明了基因表达的新机制.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 遗传学 遗传学是一种遗传学.
背景情况:
- 细胞传统上被认为是空间分离的转录 (DNA到RNA) 和翻译 (RNA到蛋白质).
- 人们普遍认为翻译仅在细胞质中发生,而不是在细胞核内.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究哺乳动物细胞中翻译的空间定位.
- 为了确定翻译是否发生在核中,以及它是否与转录有关.
主要方法:
- 透的哺乳动物细胞被用标记的氨基酸 ([3H]lysine) 或标记的转移RNA (用生物素或BODIPY标记的lysyl-tRNA) 化.
- 使用显微镜和生物化学技术确定了细胞内新生多和翻译位点的定位.
主要成果:
- 虽然大多数蛋白质合成发生在细胞质中,但在离散的核部位检测到大量的翻译,称为转录"工厂".
- 发现这种核转化的一部分依赖于RNA聚合酶II的并发转录.
结论:
- 翻译可以发生在哺乳动物细胞的细胞核内,特别是在活跃转录的部位.
- 这种核转化过程可能涉及核糖体直接转化新生的信使RNA,因为它来自RNA聚合酶II,类似于细菌中的机制.
相关概念视频
01:10Transcription
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
01:10Transcription
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
02:22Regulated mRNA Transport
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
01:17Transcription
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
02:22Regulated mRNA Transport
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
01:17Transcription
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...