溶剂对胺旋转屏障的影响:实验和理论研究
1Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 18, 2001
概括
溶剂的极性显著影响了N,N-二甲基酸胺 (DMTF) 和N,N-二甲基酸胺 (DMTA) 中的C-N键旋转. 胺体比胺体具有更大的旋转障碍,这是由于双极时刻和极性诱导的变化更大.
科学领域:
- 计算化学计算化学
- 物理有机化学 有机化学
- 频谱学是一种光谱学.
背景情况:
- 了解C-N键旋转对于理解分子结构和反应性至关重要.
- 胺共振影响旋转障碍,但溶剂效应的理解较少.
- 胺,胺的硫类同类,具有独特的电子特性,影响旋转动力学.
研究的目的:
- 研究溶剂极性对N,N-二甲基甲胺 (DMTF) 和N,N-二甲基乙胺 (DMTA) 中的C-N旋转障碍物的影响.
- 为了将实验性NMR数据与气相和溶液相的理论初始计算进行比较.
- 为了阐明分子二极极时刻,溶剂性质和旋转屏障高度之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 选择性倒置回收 核磁共振 (NMR) 光谱法用于测量旋转障碍.
- 在G2(MP2) 理论层面的初始计算,包括对振动运动的纠正.
- 反应场理论用于模拟溶解效应和溶剂极性.
主要成果:
- 气相旋转障碍在理论上计算出来,与实验值密切匹配.
- 反应场理论准确地预测了近氧,非芳香溶剂的溶液相障碍.
- 溶剂对 thioamide 旋转障碍物的作用比对 amides 的作用更为明显,与较大的基态双极时刻和取决于极性的双极时刻变化有关.
结论:
- 溶剂极性在调节胺体中C-N旋转障碍方面发挥着重要作用.
- 与胺基相比,胺基的增加屏障归因于它们较高的基态双极时刻和较大的双极时刻变化与溶剂极性.
- 该研究提供了关于C-N旋转障碍的起源及其与胺共振概念的联系的见解.
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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
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