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相关概念视频

Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
E2 Reaction: Stereochemistry and Regiochemistry02:43

E2 Reaction: Stereochemistry and Regiochemistry

Elimination reactions of alkyl halides can yield one or more alkenes depending on the specific regiochemical and stereochemical considerations. While the regiochemistry of the reaction governs the location of the double bond in the product, the stereochemical requirements often influence the geometry.
When a substrate with two different β hydrogens undergoes an E2 elimination, the presence of a strong base can yield two regioisomeric alkenes. The more-substituted alkene is the major product and...
Isomerism in Alkenes02:01

Isomerism in Alkenes

Alkenes like 1-butene and 2-butene exhibit constitutional isomerism, as they differ in the position of the double bond. Further, 2-butene exhibits stereoisomerism and exists as two distinct compounds differing in spatial arrangement.
An isomer is called cis-2-butene when the methyl groups are on the same side of the double bond, and the other stereoisomer, in which methyl groups are on the opposite side of the double bond, is called trans-2-butene. The cis and trans stereoisomers are not...
Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules take.
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
IUPAC Nomenclature of Ketones01:09

IUPAC Nomenclature of Ketones

Like aldehydes, ketones are named using IUPAC rules; in this case, by replacing “e” in the name of the longest hydrocarbon chain with “one.” In acyclic ketones, the ketonic carbon is given the lowest locant value. For instance, as shown below, a simple five-carbon ketone is named pentan-2-one, instead of pentan-4-one. IUPAC rules also allow the placing of the locant value before the parent name to give an alternate name, 2-pentanone.

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Cellular Lipid Extraction for Targeted Stable Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis
09:26

Cellular Lipid Extraction for Targeted Stable Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: November 17, 2011

十二甲基基-克洛索-十二甲基 ((2-)

T Peymann1, C B Knobler, S I Khan

  • 1Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 18, 2001
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

在这项研究中,合成了基金属盐的十二基基-密-十二基2-) 离子,发现它们由于交联基团而具有令人惊的低水溶性. 这些发现为团的结构性质及其与子的相互作用提供了洞察力.

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A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
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Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
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科学领域:

  • 无机化学 无机化学 有机化学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 超分子化学 超分子化学

背景情况:

  • dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate(2-) 离子 (closo-B(12) H(12)(2-)) 是一个研究得很好的团.
  • 集群的功能化,如氧化,可以显著改变它们的特性和潜在应用.
  • 了解功能化集群的金属盐的可溶性和结构特征对于它们的合成和利用至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了合成和表征各种金属,,和盐的十二基-密封-二甲酸.2-) 离子.
  • 为了研究这些新型盐的水溶性.
  • 用X射线晶体学阐明它们溶解性行为的结构基础.

主要方法:

  • 使用过氧化合成二甲-二甲-二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二甲二二甲二甲二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二二
  • 其他金属 (Li,Na,K,Rb), ([NH(4) ](2) 1), ([PPN](2) 1) 和 ([H(3) O](2) 1) 盐的沉.
  • 通过感应合等离子体原子发射光谱法 (ICP-AES) 确定水溶性.
  • 用单晶X射线晶体学对四种金属盐进行固态表征.

主要成果:

  • 成功合成了Cs(2) 1和随后的其他金属,,和盐.
  • 观察到金属盐的水溶性令人惊地低,这与从具有基基团的二离子衍生的盐的预期相反.
  • 金属盐的水溶性随着阴离子半径 (A(+) 的减少而降低,的水溶性略有异常.
  • [H) 3O) 2O) 1和 (NH) 4) 2O) 1盐是水不溶和盐的罕见例子.
  • X射线晶体学揭示了复杂的网络,其中二离子的基团与性金属酸交联,形成聚合盐.
  • 阴离子协调数因阴离子半径而异,从Cs{+}和Rb{+}的十个到Na{+}的六个.
  • dodecahydroxy-closo-dodecaborate(2-) 离子的核心几何在不同的金属盐中保持一致.

结论:

  • 在十二基-密度-二甲基酸离子上的悬挂氧基团作为交联联体,导致其金属盐的水溶性较低.
  • 观察到的低溶解度归因于固态中形成了广泛的键和离子协调网络.
  • 集群的结构完整性保持不管反,突出了密闭酸框架的稳定性.