在4个冲突后环境中,一生中发生的事件和创伤后应激障碍
J T de Jong1, I H Komproe, M Van Ommeren
1Transcultural Psychosocial Organisation (TPO), Keizersgracht 329, 1016 EE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
JAMA
|August 14, 2001
概括
这项研究调查了四个低收入,冲突后的国家的创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD). 调查结果显示,PTSD患病率和国家特定的风险因素各不相同,突出了创伤的影响和需要上下文理解的必要性.
科学领域:
- 全球心理健康全球心理健康
- 创伤研究 创伤研究
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 对创伤对低收入,冲突后环境的影响的理解有限.
- 这些地区的人口经常经历多次创伤事件.
- 创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 是战争和大规模暴力的幸存者的一个重要问题.
研究的目的:
- 确定四个冲突后低收入国家中PTSD的患病率.
- 在这些人群中确定与PTSD相关的风险因素.
- 探索特定创伤经历对心理健康结果的影响.
主要方法:
- 在1997年至1999年期间进行了一项流行病学调查.
- 参与者是随机选择的在阿尔及利亚,柬埔寨,埃塞俄比亚和加沙发生战争或大规模暴力事件的成年幸存者.
- 使用复合国际诊断面试来评估PTSD,并使用适应的生命事件和社会历史问卷来评估创伤事件.
主要成果:
- 在不同国家中,PTSD患病率有所不同:阿尔及利亚 (37.4%),柬埔寨 (28.4%),埃塞俄比亚 (15.8%),加沙 (17.8%).
- 12岁以后的冲突相关创伤是普遍的风险因素;酷刑是三个国家的风险因素.
- 具体的风险因素包括精神病史,营地质量,日常麻烦,家庭压力,家庭分离和父母滥用酒精,因国家而异.
结论:
- 在四个研究的人群中观察到PTSD症状率的显著变化.
- 在每个国家中,确定了PTSD风险因素的不同模式.
- 这些发现强调了考虑创伤性压力研究和人权方面的上下文差异的重要性.
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