在植物和状真菌中,DNA甲基化和表观遗传
1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA. martiens@cshl.org
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 11, 2001
概括
在植物,真菌和哺乳动物中,DNA甲基化对基因沉默和转子子控制至关重要. 这项研究探讨了转子子如何建立DNA甲基化模式及其表观遗传效应.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 基因甲基化是一种保存的表观遗传机制,涉及到基因沉默和真核生物的基因组稳定性.
- 植物,丝状真菌和哺乳动物利用DNA甲基化,但其基因组分布,序列特异性和遗传性存在显著差异.
- 已知可移植元素 (TE) 影响表观遗传模式,包括DNA甲基化.
研究的目的:
- 研究转子体在植物和真菌中建立DNA甲基化模式中的作用.
- 检查转子子扰动对DNA甲基化的表观遗传后果.
- 为了比较和对比DNA甲基化机制及其通过不同真核生物王国的转子体的调节.
主要方法:
- 对DNA甲基化模式的比较基因组学分析.
- 转位子的生物信息识别和表征.
- 表观遗传学测试用于评估基因沉默和转体子活性.
主要成果:
- 转子子对植物和真菌中DNA甲基化模式的建立有显著的贡献.
- 转子子活动的干扰导致DNA甲基化格局的改变和表观遗传变化.
- 与哺乳动物相比,甲基化遗传性和序列特异性的差异突出显示了植物和真菌的独特进化路径.
结论:
- 转子子是塑造DNA甲基化模式的关键驱动因素,影响基因调节和基因组完整性.
- 了解转子子介导甲基化对于破译植物和真菌的表观遗传调节至关重要.
- 对比研究揭示了在真核生物间表观遗传控制中的保守和分歧策略.
相关概念视频
01:46Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
01:29Non-nuclear Inheritance
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
03:17Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
01:29Non-nuclear Inheritance
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
01:46Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
01:37Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...