Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Phosphodiester Linkages01:01

Phosphodiester Linkages

Overview
Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
Phosphodiester Bonds Link Nucleotides Together
DNA and RNA are polynucleotides or long chains of nucleotides that are linked together. A nucleotide is...
Hydrolysis of ATP01:08

Hydrolysis of ATP

The bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be broken through the addition of water, releasing one or two phosphate groups in an exergonic process called hydrolysis. This reaction liberates the energy in the bonds for use in the cell—for instance, to synthesize proteins from amino acids.
If one phosphate group is removed, a molecule of ADP—adenosine diphosphate—remains, along with inorganic phosphate. ADP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP—adenosine monophosphate—by the removal of a second...
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...
Regioselective Formation of Enolates01:33

Regioselective Formation of Enolates

As depicted in the figure below, the unsymmetrical ketones can form two possible enolates: less substituted or more substituted enolates. Usually, the thermodynamic enolates are formed from the more substituted α-carbon atom, while the kinetic enolates are formed faster by deprotonation from the less substituted position. The thermodynamic enolates have lower energy, so they are more stable. But the energy required to form kinetic enolates is less.
Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Bridging the prebiotic and RNA worlds: prebiotic RNA synthesis on clay.

Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics·2012
Same author

Identification, isolation, synthesis and characterization of impurities of quetiapine fumarate.

Die Pharmazie·2008
Same author

The rates of hydrolysis of thymidyl-3',5'-thymidine-H-phosphonate: the possible role of nucleic acids linked by diesters of phosphorous acid in the origins of life.

Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere : the journal of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life·2001
Same author

Effect of inhibitors on the montmorillonite clay-catalyzed formation of RNA: studies on the reaction pathway.

Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere : the journal of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life·2001
Same author

Localization of Fe(2+) at an RTGR sequence within a DNA duplex explains preferential cleavage by Fe(2+) and H2O2.

Journal of molecular biology·2001
Same author

The prebiotic Leslie Orgel: some of his contributions to our understanding of the origins of life.

Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere : the journal of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life·2001

相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
15:22

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

Published on: April 3, 2014

酸盐激活基对蒙特莫里隆石的寡核酸形成的影响:区域选择性形成3',5'-结合的橄基酸盐.

K J Prabahar1, T D Cole, J P Ferris

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 30, 1994
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

氨基结构显著影响蒙特莫里隆石催化的RNA寡合化. 特定衍生品产生具有高区域选择性的长基酸盐,而其他衍生品则几乎没有或几乎没有形成寡合体.

关键词:
美国宇航局的学科是外生态学.非NASA中心的中心.

更多相关视频

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
11:37

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Published on: July 28, 2017

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides
13:19

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides

Published on: June 2, 2022

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
15:22

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

Published on: April 3, 2014

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
11:37

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Published on: July 28, 2017

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides
13:19

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides

Published on: June 2, 2022

科学领域:

  • 有机化学 有机化学
  • 生物化学 生物化学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学

背景情况:

  • 橄核酸合成对于了解RNA在生命早期的作用至关重要.
  • 蒙特莫里隆尼特粘土催化提供了一个潜在的途径,用于预微生物RNA复制.
  • 激活基对寡合化的影响尚未完全理解.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究氨基结构如何影响蒙特莫里隆尼特催化adenosine 5'-phosphoramidates的寡合化.
  • 确定不同激活组对寡合体长度,结构和区域选择性的影响.
  • 为了确定最佳的激活组,以实现高效和特定的寡合核酸合成.

主要方法:

  • 使用各种氨基衍生物作为激活组的蒙特莫里隆尼特催化腺5'-胺酸的寡合化.
  • 使用测定链条长度,结构 (线性/循环) 和基键连接 (例如,3',5' vs. 2',5') 的技术,对寡合物产品进行分析.
  • 对3',5'-二键形成的区域选择性的量化.

主要成果:

  • 4-阿米诺皮里丁衍生物产生了高达十二度的基甲酸盐,其3',5'-二结合的区域选择性平均为88%.
  • 2-Aminobenzimidazole产生了高达六核酸的寡合体,其中pA2'pA二聚体和循环3',5'-三聚体占主.
  • 吗波林,皮佩里丁,皮拉,1,2,4-三和2-皮里几乎没有或几乎没有出现过寡合体形成.

结论:

  • 胺基激活组的结构极大地影响了蒙特莫里隆尼特催化RNA寡合化的效率和忠实性.
  • 特定的激活基,如4-氨基二烯衍生物,促进形成更长,更明确的橄基酸盐.
  • 这些发现提供了关于前生物RNA合成和开发新型寡核酸合成策略的见解.