相关实验视频
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基因转移到细胞核和叶绿体的进化
W Martin1, B Stoebe, V Goremykin
1Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38023 Braunschweig, Germany.
Nature
|September 19, 2001
概括
重建光合作用真核生物进化是具有挑战性的,因为化石记录中的差距. 这项研究使用了45个常见的叶绿体基因来推断进化关系和基因丢失模式.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 光合作用真核生物的化石记录,特别是单细胞形式,是不完整的,难以解释.
- 以前的进化重建依赖于单个基因的有限的基因信息,阻碍了准确性.
研究的目的:
- 用一套全面的叶绿体基因重建光合作用真核生物的进化史.
- 调查质细胞基因组中基因丢失的模式,并确定内共生基因转移的实例.
主要方法:
- 从各种光合作用真核生物和蓝藻外群的叶绿体基因组中对45种常见的蛋白质编码基因进行了植物遗传学分析.
- 每个基因组中的11,039个氨基酸位置的对齐,以推断进化关系.
- 在推断的基因树上映射基因丢失事件.
主要成果:
- 使用45个基因的遗传学推断足以解决根深蒂固的九种类型的拓.
- 在多个血统中,独立的并行基因损失被发现比单一的损失更常见 (4:1比率).
- 44种塑性质编码蛋白质的同类被确定为核基因,表明了内共生基因转移.
结论:
- 通过使用保存的一组叶绿体基因,可以建立光合作用真核生物的强大的遗传学框架.
- 叶绿体基因组进化是由频繁的并行基因丢失事件的特征.
- 从叶绿体到细胞核的内共生基因转移是植物进化中的一个重要过程.
相关概念视频
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Overview
01:29Non-nuclear Inheritance
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
01:29Non-nuclear Inheritance
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
02:19Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes
A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred irrespective...
02:08Gene Conversion
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
02:08Gene Conversion
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...