一次剂量SA 14-14-2疫苗对日本脑炎的有效性:一个病例对照研究
M B Bista1, M K Banerjee, S H Shin
1Epidemiology and Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 21, 2001
概括
一次剂量SA 14-14-2日本脑炎 (JE) 疫苗在预防儿童的JE中显示出99.3%的疗效. 这证实了一个剂量是非常有效的,即使在潜在暴露于病毒之前不久就给了.
科学领域:
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 自1989年以来,SA 14-14-2活衰减型日本脑炎 (JE) 疫苗已被用于中国1亿2千万名儿童.
- 之前的研究表明,两剂 (98%) 的高疗效,并建议高疗效单剂.
研究的目的:
- 为了证实单剂SA 14-14-2活衰减JE疫苗的高疗效.
- 在尼泊尔的现实环境中评估JE疫苗的有效性.
主要方法:
- 在1999年7月至8月期间,在尼泊尔进行了一项匹配的病例控制研究.
- 1至15岁的16万名儿童接种了JE疫苗.
- 通过医院记录确定了JE病例,并将疫苗接种状态与年龄和性别匹配的村庄对照进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 在接种疫苗的村庄中,确诊了20名患有JE的儿童.
- 没有一个JE病例接受过疫苗.
- 在对照组中,接种疫苗的覆盖率为557人中的326人.
- 一次JE疫苗剂量的疗效计算为99.3% (CI为94.9-100%).
结论:
- 一次剂量的SA 14-14-2 JE疫苗是非常有效的.
- 该疫苗对日本脑炎提供了显著的保护,即使在感染暴露前不久给予.
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